问题 推断题

A、D、F为常见气体,其中F为最轻的气体,B为红棕色固体.它们之间相互反应关系如图(部分生成物略去),请按要求回答下列问题.

(1)写出E和G的化学式:E                  、G                      

(2)反应①的化学方程式:                         

(3)反应④的反应类型是:           

答案

(1)FeSO4(或FeCl2等); CaCO3(或Na2CO3等);(2)3CO+Fe2O32Fe+CO2; (3)复分解反应.

题目分析:E是浅绿色的溶液,说明含有亚铁离子,F是最轻的气体氢气,因此C是铁;B是红棕色的固体氧化铁,A是还原性的气体,根据产生的D能够和碱反应,因此A是一氧化碳,生成的D是二氧化碳;D是二氧化碳,能够和碱反应,如氢氧化钙、氢氧化钠,所以G是碳酸钙等碳酸盐;G是碳酸盐和酸反应产生D二氧化碳;

故(1)E是浅绿色的溶液,可以是铁和盐酸、硫酸等反应产生的硫酸亚铁或氯化亚铁等;

G是二氧化碳与常见的碱氢氧化钙、氢氧化钠等产生的碳酸盐;

(2)反应①是一氧化碳和氧化铁反应产生铁和二氧化碳,反应的化学方程式为:3CO+Fe2O32Fe+CO2

(3)反应④是碳酸盐和酸的反应,属于复分解反应

点评:本考点考查了物质的推断、化学方程式的书写和基本反应类型,本题是图框式推断题是通过对流程图的分析,在比较鉴别的基础上,通过实验现象,从而得出物质的组成.此考点主要出现在填空题和实验题中.

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

    People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence (智力) as

human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.

    Dogs are extremely useful as companions for blind people. When a dog has been properly

trained, he will always lead his blind master in the right direction and keep him out of

danger. For example, seeing-eye dogs learn never to cross a busy road when cars are coming,

even if their master ordered them to do so.

    Horses are also able to learn many things. Horses that are used for guard or police

duty must learn never to be frightened of noises, traffic, and other disturbances. Racing

horses are able to run much faster than other horses, but they are also quite high strung

(易紧张). Therefore, it is necessary for those people who train them to be very patient

(耐心) and understanding.

    The moving pictures and television can use trained animals too. Some animals, such as

monkeys and foxes, are easy to film. All you have to do is make a trail in front of the

camera by dragging something that smells good to the animals over the ground. Big animals,

such as lions and tigers, can be photographed as they bound happily back to their families

and dinner. If a movie actor is nearby, the well-trained animal will pay no attention to

him. However, the audience may imagine that the actor escaped a terrible death by the skin

of his teeth.

1. Dogs who help blind people must learn _____. [ ]

A. to obey all orders

B. to obey only safe orders

C. never to cross roads

D. to cross road when ordered to do so

2. Race horses are hard to train because they are _____. [ ]

A. faster than other horses

B. smaller than other horses

C. clever than other horse

D. more nervous than other horses

3. What does "make a trail" mean here in the last paragraph? [ ]

A. place something to attract the animal

B. give the animal a certain task

C. order the animal to do things

D. follow the animal to hunt

4. Lions can be photographed easily when _____. [ ]

A. they are following a trial of something that smells good to them

B. they are returning to their families

C. they have been trained to work with other animals

D. they do not know a movie-actor is nearby