问题 解答题

下列图表是有关人体呼吸的相关信息,请依据图表回答下列问题:

气体成分环境中的

气体(%)

呼出的

气体(%)

氮气7878
氧气2116
二氧化碳0.034
0.071.1
其他气体0.90.9
(1)请你仔细解读表中数据,人体呼出的气体中含量最多的是______.

(2)人体通过呼吸吸入的氧,最终在细胞的______(填结构)中被利用,人体代谢产生的水可通过尿液、汗液和______等形式排出.

(3)上述曲线图表示同一人在两种状态下的呼吸情况,曲线A表示是在______状态下的呼吸.其中呼吸的动力主要来自______的收缩和舒张.

(4)从曲线A上反映出此人的呼吸频率是______次/分,曲线B能反映他平时进行的哪类活动,试举一例:______.

答案

(1)从表格中可以看出,人体呼出的气体中含量最多的是氮约占78%,而不是二氧化碳4%.学生不认真观察思考容易认为是二氧化碳.二氧化碳是明显增多,不是最多.

(2)利用氧把有机物分解成二氧化碳和水,释放出能量的过程叫呼吸作用.细胞内的线粒体把有机物中的化学能释放出来.因此人体通过呼吸吸入的氧,最终在组织细胞的线粒体中被利用;排泄是将体内代谢终产物排出体外的过程.排泄有三条途径:人体中除二氧化碳以外的大部分代谢终产物通过泌尿系统以尿液的形式排出体外;二氧化碳和少量的水是由呼吸系统以气体的形式排出;少量的水、无机盐和尿素,可以通过皮肤以汗液的形式排出.因此人体代谢产生的水可以通过尿液、汗液和水蒸气等形式排出.

(3)曲线B比曲线A的呼吸频率和深度都增加,可知曲线B此人在进行主动呼吸,故说明其在进行剧烈的运动,如踢足球;曲线A表示是在安静(或平静) 状态下的呼吸.呼吸运动的过程是:平静吸气时,膈肌与肋间肌收缩,引起胸腔前后、左右及上下径均增大,肺随之扩大,形成主动的吸气运动;当膈肌和肋间外肌舒张时,肋骨与胸骨因本身重力及弹性而回位,结果胸廓缩小,肺也随之回缩,形成被动的呼气运动.因此呼吸运动是由呼吸肌的收缩和舒张引起的.故呼吸的动力主要来自呼吸肌(或肋间肌和膈肌)的收缩和舒张.

(4)从曲线A可以看出,此人20秒内呼吸了6次,1分钟为60秒,因此人每分钟呼吸了18次,故此人的呼吸频率为18次/分;曲线B比曲线A的呼吸频率和深度都增加,可知此人在进行主动呼吸,故说明其在进行剧烈的运动,如踢足球(只要是剧烈运动中的一种均记分).

故答案为:

(1)氮气;

(2)线粒体;水蒸气; 

(3)安静;呼吸肌;

(4)18;踢足球.

阅读理解

(C)

Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, skowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little  headline said: BOXER  RECEIVFS LIFF SENTENCE.

Frank Cleary.aged 26,professional baxer. was today found guilty of the murder of Albert  Cumming . aged 32,laborer ,last July. The jury (陪审团)reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most sever punishment the court could give out.It was, said the judge.a simple case. Cummjng and Cleary had quarreled violently at  the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious cumming.  When arrested  Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking…

Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour .Asked if he had anything to say , Cleary answered,“Jusr don't tell my mother.”

It happened over three years ago, " Paddy said helplessly.  No one answered him or moved.for no one knew  what to do. "Jus  don't tell my mother. said  Fee numbly. "And no one did!Oh. God! My poor. poor Frank!"

Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. 'Fee dear, pack your things. We'll go to see him.

She half-rose before sinking back. her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. "I can't  go . she said without a hint of pain . yet making evcryone feel that the pain was there.  "It would kill him to see me. I know him so well - his pride. his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone.it's what he wants.  We've got to help him keep his secret.  What good will it do him keep his secret what good will it do him to see us? "

Paddy was still weeping. buL not for Frank,  for the life which had gone from Fee's face .for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brougt bitterness and misfortune ,always stood between Fee and himseLf.  He was the cause of her withdrawal from his hart and the hearts of his children.

Every time it lookcd as if there might be happinegs for Fee . Frank took it away.  But Paddy's love for her was as deep and impossibile to wipe out as hers was for Fiank.

So he said.  " Well,  Fee,  we won't  go  But we must make sure he is taken care of.  How about if l write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?

The eyes didn't liven .  but a faint pink stole into her cheeks  " Yes.  Paddy.  

Do that .  Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out .Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don't know"

51. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Frank was found guilty Of murder because he was a professional boxer.

B. The family didn't find out what happened to Frank until three years later

C. The jury and the judge disagreed on whether Frank had committed murder.

D. Frank didn't want his family to find out what happened because Paddy disliked him.

52. Paddy didn't cry for Frank because he thought

       A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishment

B .Frank should have told Fce what had happened

C. what had happened to Frank was killing Fee

D. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character

53. Which of the following suggests that Fee was deeply shocked by what happened to Frank?

A.  " Her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. "

B.  " Let him bear the shame alone . its what he wants. "

C.  " Every time it looked as if there miLhL be happiness for Fee , Frank took it away "

D.  " The eyes didn't liven .  but a faint pink stole into her cheeks "

54. "She half-rose before sinking back…" (in Paragraph 6) shows that

A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand up

B .Fee didn'e want to upset Paddy by visiting Frank

C .Fee couldn't leave her family to go to see Frank

D Fee struggled betwccn wanting to See Frank and respecting his wish

55.  What is Fee's probable relationship with Frank and Paddy?

A Son and brother   B Son and husband

C Brothcr and lover  D Lover and husband

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