问题 选择题

如图所示,一长木板放置在水平地面上,一根轻弹簧右端固定在长木板上,左端连接一个质量为m的小物块,小物块可以在木板上无摩擦滑动.现在用手固定长木板,把小物块向左移动,弹簧的形变量为x1;然后,同时释放小物块和木板,木板在水平地面上滑动,小物块在木板上滑动;经过一段时间后,长木板达到静止状态,小物块在长木板上继续往复运动.长木板静止后,弹簧的最大形变量为x2.已知地面对长木板的滑动摩擦力大小为f.当弹簧的形变量为x时,弹性势能EP=

1
2
kx2,式中k为弹簧的劲度系数.由上述信息可以判断(  )

A.整个过程中小物块的速度可以达到

k
m
x1

B.整个过程中木板在地面上运动的路程为

k
2f
(
x21
-
x22
)

C.长木板静止后,木板所受的静摩擦力的大小不变

D.若将长木板改放在光滑地面上,重复上述操作,则运动过程中物块和木板的速度方向可能相同

答案

A、整个过程根据动能定理得:

1
2
mvm2=
1
2
kx12-Wf
,所以速度不能达到
k
m
x1
,故A错误;

B、当木板静止时,小物块在长木板上继续往复运动时,只有弹簧弹力做功,系统机械能守恒,所以当木板刚静止时,系统具有的机械能为

1
2
kx22

从开始到木板刚静止的过程中,根据能量守恒得:

1
2
kx12-
1
2
kx22=W
f
=fs

解得:s=

k
2f
(
x21
-
x22
),故B正确;

C、长木板静止后,对木板进行受力分析,水平方向受地面的静摩擦力和弹簧弹力,弹簧弹力随木块的运动而发生改变,所以木板受的静摩擦力也发生改变,故C错误;

D、若将长木板改放在光滑地面上,系统所受合外力为零,动量守恒,则运动过程中物块和木板的速度方向肯定相反,故D错误.

故选B

单项选择题

A total of 4.6 million digital televisions have been sold, and the sales of HDTV sets have quadrupled since last year. Consumers have bought HDTVs to play their DVDs and to have clearer pictures and wide screens. Only a small percentage of the people who have purchased HDTVs, however, have actually hooked their TVs up to receive high-definition television digital signals. Perhaps television viewers are having trouble keeping up with the changes in technology. Even the manufacturers of HDTVs, like Mitsubishi, Thomson Multimedia, Sony, and Samsung seem to have a tough time learning how to make their sets work with the various digital TV formats because little standardization has been required or implemented in the industry.

Some of the HDTVs weigh over 200 lbs., and a variety of retailers offer a delivery service to the buyer’s home to help install the heavy sets. This is known as a white-glove service and usually comes with an extra fee. After HDTV purchasers get their sets home and hook them up, they will still need to work to get the digital signals to their systems. Most of the industry’s cable providers do not yet offer high~definition programing, and only about 15% of commercial television stations have switched over to even the lowest improved digital pictures. Worse yet, viewers may need to install antenna before they can even get the digital signals to their new HDTV sets. Another frustration for home-theater seekers is that the current HDTV sets allow owners only to watch high-definition programs, not to record them.

On the whole, this passage is positioned to dwell on ().

A. the overall picture of the HDTV sector

B. how the giant TV makers should offer better products

C. a lament over consumers’ inability to use a high-end TV set

D. a criticism of the TV makers for doing nothing about a big problem

单项选择题