问题 解答题

下图是人体呼吸作用的示意图,其中①表示肺泡与外界的气体交换,②表示肺泡内的气体交换,③表示气体在血液中的运输,④表示组织气体交换.请回答下列问题:(注:O2为氧气,CO2为二氧化碳)

(1)______是呼吸系统的主要器官.

(2)“非典”是由一种病毒感染肺而引起的疾病,患上这种病会使肺全部或局部纤维化,肺也就全部或局部不能扩张和回缩,这会影响人体呼吸作用的示意图的第______个环节,从而使人体血液循环中的______血变为______血的过程不能完成,造成人体缺氧,严重的会危及生命.

(3)人体呼吸过程中,当肋间外肌和膈肌同时舒张时,下列叙述不正确的是______

A.胸廓由大变小       B.气体排出肺

C.膈的位置上升       D.气体进入肺

(4)经常参加体育锻炼或适宜的体力劳动会使______

A.肺泡的数目增多

B.参与呼吸的肺泡数目增多

C.呼吸的频率增多

D.呼吸肌的数目增多.

答案

(1)呼吸系统的主要器官是肺,肺由许多肺泡构成,外面包绕着丰富的毛细血管和弹性纤维,肺泡的壁和毛细血管壁都很薄,只有一层上皮细胞构成,这些特点都有利于气体交换,因此肺是气体交换的主要场所.

(2)呼吸的全过程包括:肺与外界的气体交换、肺泡里的气体交换、组织里的气体交换和气体在血液中的运输四个环节.肺与外界的气体交换叫做肺的通气,它是通过呼吸肌的收缩和舒张引起肺被动的扩张和回缩而造成的,肺全部或局部纤维化后,导致肺全部或局部不能扩张和回缩,因而会影响肺的通气,进而影响肺泡与血液的气体交换,造成人体缺氧,严重的会危及生命.

(3)呼吸运动是指人体胸廓有节律的扩大和缩小的运动,包括吸气过程和呼气过程,呼吸运动主要与肋间肌和膈肌的运动有关.人在平静状态下,肋间肌收缩时,肋骨向上运动,使胸廓的前后径和左右径都增大,同时膈肌收缩,膈顶部下降,使胸廓的上下径都增大这样胸廓的容积就增大,肺也随着扩张,外界空气通过呼吸道进入肺,完成吸气的过程.相反肋间肌舒张时,在重力作用下肋骨向下运动,使胸廓的前后经和左右经都减小,同时膈肌舒张,膈顶部上升,使胸廓的上下径都缩小这样胸廓的容积就减小,肺也随着回缩,肺内气体通过呼吸道出肺,完成呼气的过程.

(4)经常参加锻炼或适宜的体力劳动,呼吸肌收缩力量得到加强,可以扩大胸廓的活动范围,使呼吸的深度加大、加深,参与气体交换的肺泡数量增多

故答案为:(1)肺    (2)①;   静脉;  动脉      (3)D(4)B

单项选择题
单项选择题

All her life, my mother wanted busy children. It was very important that her house should remain at all times clean and tidy.
You could turn your back for a moment in my mother’s house, leave a half written letter on the dining table, a magazine open on the chair, and turn around to find that my mother had "put it back where it belonged," as she explained. My wife, on one of her first visits to my mother’s house, placed a packet of biscuits on an end table and went to the kitchen to fetch a drink. When she returned, she found the packet had been removed. Confused, she set down her drink and went back to the kitchen for more biscuits, only to return to find that her drink had disappeared. Up to then she had guessed that everyone in my family held onto their drinks so as not to make water rings on the end tables. Now she knows better.
These disappearances had a confusing effect on our family. We were all inclined to forgetfulness, and it was common for one of us, upon returning from the bathroom, to find the every sign of his work in progress had disappeared suddenly. "Do you remember what I was doing" was a question frequently asked, but rarely answered.
Now my sister has developed a secondhand love of clean windows, and my brother does the cleaning in his house, perhaps to avoid having to be the one to lift his feet. I try not to think about it too much, but I have at this later time started to dust the furniture once a week.

Which of the following is TRUE about my mother

A.She enjoyed removing others’ drinks.
B.She became more and more forgetful.
C.She preferred to do everything by herself.
D.She wanted to keep her house in good order.