问题 问答题 论述题

试述中国半殖民地半封建社会的基本特征。

答案

参考答案:

从近代中国的历史进程,可以看到中国半殖民地半封建社会有以下一些基本特征:

第一,资本—帝国主义侵略势力不但逐步操纵了中国的财政和经济命脉,而且逐步控制了中国的政治,日益成为支配中国的决定性力量。

第二,中国的封建势力日益衰败并同外国侵略势力勾结,成为资本—帝国主义压迫、奴役中国人民的社会基础和统治支柱。

第三,中国自然经济的基础虽然遭到破坏,但是封建剥削制度的根基即封建地主的土地所有制依然在广大地区内保持着,成为中国走向现代化和民主化的严重障碍。

第四,中国新兴的民族资本主义经济虽然已经产生,并在政治、文化生活中起了一定的作用,但在帝国主义和封建主义的压迫下,它的发展很缓慢,力量很软弱,而且它的大部分与外国资本—帝国主义和本国封建主义都有或多或少的联系。

第五,由于近代中国处于资本—帝国主义列强的争夺和间接统治之下,加上中国地域广大,以及在地方性的农业经济的基础上形成的地方割据势力的存在,近代中国各地区经济、政治和文化的发展是极不平衡的。后来,帝国主义国家还分别支持不同的政治势力以分裂中国,使中国处于不统一状态。

第六,在资本—帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫下(后来还加上官僚资本主义),中国的广大人民尤其是农民日益贫困化以至大批地破产,过着饥寒交迫和毫无政治权利的生活。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison's eagerly anticipated (期待) eighth novel,

Love, but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison is the first black

woman to receive a Nobel, and so honored before her in literature are only two black men: Wole Soyinka,

the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, in 1986; and Derek Walcott, the Caribbean-born poet, in 1992.

But Morrison is also the first and only American-born Nobel prizewinner for literature since 1962, the year

novelist John steinbeck received the award.

     Like Song of Solomon, Love is a multigenerational story, revealing the personal and communal legacy

of an outstanding black family. As Morrison scholars will tell you, Love is the third volume of a literary

master's trilogy (三部曲) investigating the many complexities of love. This trilogy began with Beloved

(1988), which deals with a black mother's love under slavery and in freedom. Jazzy (1993), the second

volume, tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem. This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the

1940s and 50s.

     The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey, the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey's Hotel and

Resort in Silk, North Carolina, described in the novel as "the best and best-known vacation sport for colored

folk on the East Coast." We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love

him: his granddaughter, his widow, two former employees, and a homeless young girl.

     The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as "Morrison's

most accessible work since Song of Solomon." This comparison to her third novel, published in 1977, was

an effective selling point.

1. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Toni Morrison's latest novels

B. Toni Morrison and her trilogy

C. Toni Morrison and her novel Love

D. Toni Morrison, the Nobel prizewinner

2. What can we learn about John Steinbeck?

A. He was a black writer.

B. He was born in America.

C. He received the Nobel Prize after Morrison

D. He was the first American novelist to win a Nobel

3. The similarity between Love and Song of Solomon is that they both _____.

A. belong to the same trilogy together with Beloved

B. concern families of more than one generation

C. deal with life of blacks under slavery

D. investigate life in 1920s Harlem

4. The novel Love mainly describes ______.

A. the best-known vacation spot for blacks

B. the life of an outstanding black family under slavery

C. the miserable experience of the five women in Harlem

D. the memories of five women about Bill Cosey