问题 单项选择题

阅读下面的文章,回答第19—21题。在历法王国里,谁也没有我伟大,我就是历法之魁,通行全世界的公历。我的全名叫格里高利历,人们却喜欢叫我的小名:阳历,因为我是根据地球绕太阳公转一周的时间制定的。我的父亲是儒略历,他也不愧为一代天骄。公元前古罗马人的历法一年有365天,可每两年就需增加22或23天,因此日期常常变换,老百姓经 常弄不清日期。公元前46年,罗马统帅儒略恺撒决定让我父亲掌管历法。父亲行使的权力主要有:一年分为 12个月,单月 31天,双月 30天,唯有 2月是29天。因为在罗马,2月是行刑期,人们认为2月是个不吉祥之月,不能过得太长,所以从 2月中减去一天,这样也符合当时测得地球公转1周的时间。父亲上任不久,儒略恺撒死了,他的侄子奥古斯都当上了罗马帝国的第一任皇帝。他征服埃及和结束国内战争是在8月,为了炫耀自己,奥古斯都 给父亲动了个小手术:用自己的名字“August”作为8月的名称。他还嫌8月是小月,就从2月中抽出一天,加在8月上。又打乱8月后面大小月的顺序,因 而,大月变小月,小月变大月。他的手术很成功,一直到现在还是1、3、5、7、8、10、12为大月,2、4、6、9、11为小月。父亲掌管历法一千多年,虽然工作认真、负责,但是由于过于年迈迂腐,跟不上科学技术的发展,到1582年,所显示的日期和实际的日期已经相 差了10天。这样,罗马教皇格里高利十三世提出,让我接父亲的班。我上班后立即决定把这年的 10月5日改为10月 15日,纠正了父亲的误差。为了使自己更完善,我还规定每400年中取消3个闰日。这样平均年长为365.2425日,比太阳年的实际长度 365.24219日仅差26秒,从此,我就登上了历法至尊的宝座。我的优点很多,一上任就被当时的天主教国家,如罗马、意大利、法国、西班牙等国重用。中国一直到1912年才把我引进。

这文字主要说明的是()。

A.世界历法的发展过程

B. 公历和公历的来历

C. 什么是儒略历和公历、奥古斯都改订后的儒略历和格里高利历

D.公历的优点

答案

参考答案:B

解析:主旨概括题,本文主要说明的对象是公历。依据主体一致原则排除AC项。D选项是文章最后一段的主要内容。

阅读理解

阅读短文,根据短文内容填上正确的单词  

    During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doc-tor, taught P.E. and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.    

    Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA.One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the .students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.      

    It was on the very last day that James came up with  his idea. The" birth of basketball "is said to be on Decem- ber 21,1891,when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and foot- balls were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed t0 5 players on each side, using special  " basketballs" through nets.     

   Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936,just three years before his death, basketball became an Olym- pic sport. at the games in Berlin.  

1. Dr Naismith is ________ ________as the inventor of bas-ketball.

2. December 21,1891 was said co be the ________of bas-ketball.  

3. Today basketball has become the________ game.  

4. Dr Naismith died at the age of ________ .

5. Basketball became an________ sport at the games inBerlin in 1936.

单项选择题 A1型题