问题 解答题

如图是呼吸作用过程图解,请据图回答

(1)图中[一]过程是指______,它是通过______实现的.

(2)图中[四]过程是指______,它是通过______来完成的.

(3)通过呼吸全过程,组织细胞从外界得到______,并把人体产生的______排到外界去.

答案

人体的呼吸包括四个过程:肺的通气;肺泡内的气体交换;气体在血液中的运输;组织细胞内的气体交换.

(1)图中[一]过程是指肺的通气,它是通过呼吸运动实现的,呼吸运动是指胸廓有节律的扩大和缩小,它包括吸气和呼气两个过程,呼吸运动的完成主要与呼吸肌的收缩和舒张有关.呼吸运动的意义是完成了肺内气体与外界气体的交换.其中A过程指的是肺的通气,它是通过呼吸运动而实现的.

(2)二过程指的是肺泡内的气体交换,它是通过气体的扩散作用实现的;三过程指的是气体在血液中的运输;四过程指的是组织细胞内的气体交换,它是通过气体扩散作用实现的.与之相适应的结构是肺泡的数目多,肺泡的外面缠绕着丰富的毛细血管和弹性纤维,肺泡壁和毛细血管壁都很薄,只有一层上皮细胞构成.肺泡的这些特点决定了二、四两过程适于进行气体交换.

(3)血液与组织细胞的气体交换,是通过气体的扩散作用实现的,氧气进入血液后与血红蛋白结合,随血液循环输送到全身各处,在气体的运输过程中没有发生气体交换.因此人体细胞要获得氧气,排出二氧化碳,

故答案为:(1)肺的通气;呼吸运动

(2)组织气体交换;气体扩散;

(3)氧气 二氧化碳

完形填空

Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trams, or even cars can be a terrible trouble— especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great ___36___ between human beings; and insects. The former ___37___ every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly ___38___ attention to themselves.

We can only show mercy to the ___39___ man who had to slop his car soon after ___40___ from a country village to drive to London. Hearing a strange noise from the ___41___of the car, he naturally got out to ___42___ the wheels carefully, but he found nothing wrong, so he ___43___ his way. Again the noise began, ___44___ and became even louder. Quickly ___45___ his head, the man saw what appeared to be a great ___46___ cloud following the car. When he stopped at a village further on, he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees ___47___.

On learning this, the man drove away .as quickly as possible. After an hour’s ___48___ driving, he arrived safely in London, where he parked his car outside a ___49___ and went in- It was not long ___50___ a customer who had seen him arrive ___51___ in to inform him that his car was ___52___ with bees. The poor driver was ___53___ that the best way should be to call a ___54___. In a short time the man arrived. He found the unwelcome passenger hidden near the wheels at the back. of the car. Very thankful to the driver for this ___55___ gift, the bee-keeper took the queen and her thousand of followers home in a large box.

36. A. connection   B. difference  C. communication D. similarity

37. A, doB. take   C. make D. try

38. A. give     B. keep     C. pay      D. draw

39. A. unfortunate  B. careless     C. unpleasant D. hopeless

40. A. passing by   B. leaving out   C. setting out    D. getting up

41. A. front    B. back     C. left      D. right

42. A. clean    B. change      C. test      D. examine

43. A. drove   B. continued C. pushed    D. forced

44. A. normally     B. gentlyC. actually     D. immediately

45. A. hiding  B. turning      C. shaking     D. raising

46. A. black    B. beautiful   C. white D. colorful

47. A. below   B. ahead C. nearby      D. behind

48. A. boring  B. careful      C. exciting     D. hard

49. A. hotel    B. museum    C. hospital     D. school

50. A. when    B. after  C. until  D. before

51. A. broke   B. moved      C. hurried      D. dropped

52. A. crowded      B. covered     C. filled D. equipped

53. A. advised B. required    C. ordered     D. requested

54. A. bee-keeper B. policeman    C. waiterD. repairman

55. A. unfamiliar   B. unknown   C. unexpectedD. uncertain

单项选择题