问题 实验题

为了研究受到拉力时橡筋的弹性形变程度与哪些因素有关,小明同学选用原长L相同的橡筋A、B、C、D和测力计进行实验,如图(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)所示。已知橡筋A、C由同种材料制成,橡筋B、D由另一种材料制成,A、B横截面积均为S;C、D横截面积均为4S。他将橡筋A、B、C、D的左端固定,并分别用水平向右的力通过测力计拉伸橡筋,它们的长度各自增加了ΔL1、ΔL2、ΔL3和ΔL4,请仔细观察实验现象,归纳得出初步结论。(已知ΔL2>ΔL4>ΔL1>ΔL3

①分析比较图7(a)和(b)或(c)和(d)中的测力计示数、橡筋长度的增加量以及相关条件,可得:

                                                               

②分析比较图7(a)和(c)或(b)和(d)中的测力计示数、橡筋长度的增加量以及相关条件,可得:

                                                                                  

答案

①橡筋的原长、横截面积相同,受到的拉力大小相同,橡筋所用材料不同的情况下,弹性形变程度不同。②橡筋的原长、所用材料相同,受到的拉力大小相同,横截面积小的橡筋,弹性形变程度大。

题目分析:读题知(a)和(b)或(c)和(d)中橡筋的原长、横截面积相同,观察测力计示数也相同,弹性形变程度ΔL2>ΔL1,ΔL4>ΔL3,可得①橡筋的原长、横截面积相同,受到的拉力大小相同,橡筋所用材料不同的情况下,弹性形变程度不同。同法分析可得②橡筋的原长、所用材料相同,受到的拉力大小相同,横截面积小的橡筋,弹性形变程度大。

阅读理解

Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying: Friends are God’s way of taking care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?

“The Care and Keeping of Friends” by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends.

Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow.

First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friends? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints(抱怨) and do their best to help. To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives.

But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.

Sally says there are three steps to being friends again: Tell him or her how you are feeling; say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like celebrating your friends’ success.  Even if you haven’t had a real friend before, you will start to think of having one if you read this book. Because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.

小题1:The writer of the text really wants to tell us________.

A.life is great if we have friends

B.an old saying

C.Sally Seamans is an American writer

D.God’s way of taking care of us小题2:“The Care and Keeping of Friends” is_______.

A.the word of the God

B.a way of making good friends

C.the name of a book by Sally

D.a story from a newspaper小题3:A good friend should_______.

A.have a lot of money

B.have good look

C.be kind and patient

D.listen to you小题4:Good friends will_______.

A.always be happy

B.do their best to help you

C.never do wrong

D.not have a fight小题5:What can’t you do if your good friend has done wrong?

A.Write a letter to him.

B.Have an honest talk with him.

C.Tell him or her your feeling.

D.Have a fight with him.

问答题