问题 实验题

小刚和小洁以“化学反应中,反应物和生成物的质量关系”为课题进行科学探究,请填写以下探究过程中的空格:(提示:稀盐酸与石灰石反应生成二氧化碳和水、氯化钙;与氢氧化钠反应生成水和氯化钠)

(1)提出假设:化学反应中,反应物的总质量与生成物的总质量________.

(2)确定研究方法:分析推理,查阅资料,实验探究.

(3)设计并进行实验:小刚设计的实验装置和选用药品如图A所示,小洁的如图B所示,他们在反应前后都进行了规范的操作,准确的称量和细致的观察.

(4)实验结论:通过实验,小刚认为:在化学反应中,生成物的总质量与反应物的总质量不相等,小洁认为:在化学反应中,生成物的总质量与反应物的总质量相等,你认为结论正确的是①_________________,请你谈谈导致另一种结论错误的原因:②_______________________.

(5)结论分析:请从原子的角度,简要分析你认为正确结论的依据:在化学反应前后原子的①________________②__________________③_____________不变.

(6)查阅资料:小刚和小洁通过查阅资料了解到:法国伟大的科学家拉瓦锡,早在18世纪就围绕这个问题,进行了准确,缜密的研究,并做出了科学结论.

答案

(1)相等

(4)小洁的结论正确;小刚同学结论错误的原因是因为他所做的实验反应后的气体散发到空气中,使得反应后余下质量不等于反应物的质量总和.

(5)原子的种类不变;原子的数目变化;原子的质量没有变化.

完形填空

Task Reading:

下面是今年部分旅游线路介绍及想出游人的兴趣特点介绍.请阅读相关信息并根据出游人的兴趣特点帮他们选择合适的旅游线路。请将答案的字母编号写在答题卷标号为52-55的横线上。

Here is a selection of the tours organized for the coming year:

A:  8 days mountaineering trip--climb Yunnan's third highest peak, the Haba snow mountain. This is ideal for the truly adventurous. You need to be fit and healthy.

B:  8 days cycling tour from Qiaotou Town--visit the spectacular Tiger Leaping Gorge. It is a leisurely tour suitable for anyone who is reasonably fit and healthy. No previous cycling experience is necessary and all our routes are on flat land!

C:  8 days river rafting--white water adventure on the Yangtze from the old town of Lijiang. This adults-only tour is exclusively for good swimmers and physically fit.

D:  10 days rainforest trek(乘牛车旅行)--spend 5 days in the forest and meet the local people. This is a walking tour and no previous experience is needed, just a curious mind and an interest in traditional cultures.

E:  10 days horse trekking tour--visit authentic Tibetan villages of Shangri-la. The ultimate horse-riding experience in a spectacular mountain environment. This trip is for confirmed riders only. Don't expect three-star hotels on this trip.

请阅读以下有出游意向的人的要求,然后匹配旅游线路所适合的出游者。

52. _______ A family of four, including parents, a sixteen-year-old son and a thirteen-year-old daughter, who are looking for a fun holiday. All four are good riders and strong swimmers.

53. _______ A retired couple who are reasonably fit and who want to find out more about ethnic minorities' cultures.

54. _______ A group of four young adults who are into all extreme sports and are looking for something with plenty of excitement. They are more interested in the scenery than in the life style of the locals.

55. _______ A family of five including a ten-year-old girl. They have many different interests and they are looking for a relaxing holiday.

多项选择题