问题 单项选择题

自然界有许多植物的叶子会动,比如含羞草、合欢等豆科植物白天张开叶子,晚上会合上叶子“睡眠”;捕蝇草的叶子能闭合起来,捕食苍蝇等昆虫。像含羞草、合欢等植物的这种“睡眠运动”自古以来就受到人们关注,可是植物为什么会睡眠,却一直是个[1]。
18世纪,法国生物学家德梅兰把含羞草放到光线照不到的洞穴里,发现它的叶子依然以24小时为周期开合。这说明含羞草体内存在一种不受外界光线等环境因素影响的“生物钟”。19世纪,达尔文在《植物的运动本领》中说,植物在晚上闭合叶子睡眠是“为了保护自己免受夜晚低温之害”。20世纪80年代,德国希尔德·奈希特的研究报告指出,叶子的开合是由一种称为“膨压素”的植物激素控制的。此后,日本上田实等人从植物中抽出包含数千种化合物的萃取物,最后成功分离出两种活性物质,一种是可使植物叶子闭合的“安眠物质”,另一种是可使植物叶子张开的“兴奋物质”。
植物睡眠之谜之所以长期不得其解,就是因为此前没有人想到使叶子开合的竟是两种不同的生理活性物质。人们进一步了解到,豆科植物叶下珠的安眠物质是一种含葡萄糖的配糖体,白天配糖体水解,安眠物质浓度降低,夜晚配糖体重新合成,兴奋物质浓度相对降低,而配糖体的合成分解是由叶下珠体内的生物钟控制的。相反,铁扫帚的兴奋物质是配糖体,在夜晚配糖体水解,兴奋物质浓度降低,叶子随之闭合。如果用人工合成的半乳糖代替葡萄糖,由于半乳糖在铁扫帚体内不会水解,反而成为一种睡眠阻断剂,使铁扫帚始终不能睡眠,以致两个星期之后因缺水枯萎而死。
解开植物睡眠之谜,将为某种“绿色”农药的[2]铺平道路。目前的除草剂还无法只让田菁等豆科杂草枯萎而不损害豆科作物。研究人员已经人工合成了使田菁失眠的睡眠阻断剂,实验结果是田菁第三天就整株枯死。由于这种阻断剂只对田菁起作用,因此不会影响大豆的生长。

从原文看,以下研究最能揭开“植物睡眠之迷”的一项是( )。

A.德梅兰提出含羞草体内存在着不受外界环境影响的“生物钟”

B.达尔文提出植物在晚上睡眠是为了保护自己免受夜晚低温之害

C.希尔德·奈希特提出植物睡眠是由植物体内的“膨压素”控制的

D.上田实等人提出植物体内存在着可使叶子闭合的“安眠物质”

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 文章第三段一开始说:“植物睡眠之谜之所以长期不得其解,就是因为此前没有人想到使叶子开合的竟是两种不同的生理活性物质”,发现这种活性物质的正是上田实等人。所以选D。

单项选择题

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the dis- appearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care
Since the late 1940’s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the pest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

Which statement can be inferred from this passage’

A.Frenchman is in dilemma when trying to keep the traditional culture while living a modern life.

B.Americanization is the enemy of localization in France.

C.All the Frenchmen prefer the modern and industrial society rather than traditional one.

D.Under the pressure of globalization, French romantic life style has to weaken.

选择题