问题 综合题

(15分)中外历史人物评说

材料  19世纪六七十年代,俄英两国相互勾结,支持阿古柏入侵并分裂新疆。当时,清廷出现海防、塞防之争。李鸿章认为“新疆不复,与肢体之元气无伤”;左宗棠主张“若此时而拟停兵节饷,自撤藩篱,则我退寸而寇进足。不独陇右堪虞,即北路科布多、乌里雅苏台等处恐亦未能晏然”,“东则海防,西则塞防,二者并重”。他强调新疆的安危关系到蒙古、陕西、山西、甘肃乃至京师,必须收复;就目前形势而论,列强还不至于在沿海挑起战争,而收复新疆却是燃眉之急;即使论军饷,海防本有经常经费,而塞防经费却是极端匮乏。

——摘编自《从海防与塞防之争浅析清政府的政治决策》

1875年5月,(左宗棠)奉命督办新疆军务。为了西征,不惜大肆举借外债。据学者研究,每年光利息就白白流失几十万两白银,而偿还利息的总和,可以再建立一支稍弱于北洋的舰队。左宗棠西征的目的固然值得肯定,这一点是无庸质疑的。但是世人有不同的看法,如刘坤一、谭钟麟等人说:“左相亟欲收复伊犁,以竟全功,不顾东、北两路,赤非公忠体国之道也。”

——摘编自张学亮《左宗棠传》

(1)根据材料,概括指出左宗棠对国防问题的认识及措施。(8分)

(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,简评左宗棠的国防措施。(7分)

答案

(1)认识:海塞防并重;突出强调塞防的重要性;塞防军费经常化。(6分)

措施:督办新疆军务并收复新疆。(2分)

(2)粉碎了俄英的阴谋;捍卫了国家主权和领土完整;维护了民族团结和国家统一;加强了对西北地区的控制;(6分,答出其中3点即可)但耗费大量的财力,给海防造成一定不利影响。(1分)

题目分析:(1)第一小问认识从材料中“东则海防,西则塞防,二者并重”“ 就目前形势而论,列强还不

至于在沿海挑起战争,而收复新疆却是燃眉之急”“ 即使论军饷,海防本有经常经费,而塞防经费却是极

端匮乏”可概括出海塞防并重,突出强调塞防的重要性,塞防军费经常化。第二小问措施从材料中“奉命

督办新疆军务”联系所学知识可归纳出督办新疆军务并收复新疆。

(2)评价其措施可以从影响的角度进行辩证分析,一方面收复新疆粉碎了俄英的阴谋,捍卫了国家主权和领土完整,维护了民族团结和国家统一,加强了对西北地区的控制;另一方面可结合材料“为了西征,不惜大肆举借外债。据学者研究,每年光利息就白白流失几十万两白银,可以再建立一支稍弱于北洋的舰队”分析出耗费大量的财力,给海防造成一定不利影响。

单项选择题

The landscape of the Giant’s Causeway, lurking below the gaunt sea wall where the land ends, must have struck wonder into the hearts of the ancient Irish, who subsequently felt inspired and created legends about its builder: the giant Finn McCool. The Causeway Coast has an unparalleled display of geological formations representing volcanic activity during the Early Tertiary Period some 5060 million years ago. Its Tertiary lavas of the Antrim Plateau, covering some 3,800 sq km, represent the largest remaining lava plateau in Europe.
The Causeway is a mass of basalt columns packed tightly together. The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Altogether there are 40, 000 of these stone columns, mostly hexagonal, but some are quadrangular, pentagonal, heptagonal and octagonal. The tallest ate about 40 feet high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 90 feet thick in places.
A fine circular walk will take you down to the Giant’s Causeway, past amphitheatres of stone columns and formations with fanciful names like the Honeycomb, the Wishing Well, and the Giant’s Granny, past a wooden staircase to Benbane Head, and back along the cliff-top. Further down the coast, the stunning Carrick-a-rede rope bridge spans a gaping chasm between the coast and a small island used by fishermen. The eighty-foot drop can be crossed via the swinging bridge—and is not for the faint-hearted!
The Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast site was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. The site is of outstanding universal value and meets the criteria set in the World Heritage Convention. Namely, it is an outstanding example representing major stages of the earth’s history including the record of life: significant on-going geological processes in landform developments, and significant geomorphic and physiographic features; moreover, it also contains superlative natural phenomena and areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance.
Moyle District Council’s Causeway Visitor Centre is open daily all year round and located on the cliff top 1 km from the site. The Centre is the ideal starting point for walks along the coastal and cliff-top paths, providing all excellent range of visitor services. A 12-minute audio-visual presentation, with commentary available in 5 European languages, enables visitors to further explore the origins of the Giant s Causeway through local folklore and scientific theory, and highlights the many other attractions of the Causeway Coast and Glens of Antrim area.

From the last paragraph, we can infer that this piece of writing is most probably ______.

A.a developmental design

B.a text on geography

C.a record of local folklore

D.a tourism advertisement

名词解释