问题 解答题

如图为膝跳反射示意图,请思考后回答相关问题

(1)图中表示感受器的是______(用图中字母回答),表示神经中枢的是______(用图中字母回答).

(2)该反射属于______反射.

答案

(1)神经调节的基本方式是反射,反射活动的结构基础称为反射弧,包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器.反射必须通过反射弧来完成,缺少任何一个环节反射活动都不能完成,如传出神经受损,即使有适宜的刺激人体也不会作出反应,因为效应器接收不到神经传来的神经冲动.
(2)非条件反射是指人生来就有的先天性反射.是一种比较低级的神经活动,由大脑皮层以下的神经中枢(如脑干、脊髓)参与即可完成.膝跳反射、眨眼反射、缩手反射、婴儿的吮吸、排尿反射等都非条件反射.叩击膝盖下韧带小腿弹起、婴儿一生下来就会吮奶、手遇到针刺后会很快缩回,这种反射活动是人与生俱来、不学而能的,神经中枢不在大脑皮层,在脊髓或脑干,因此属于非条件反射.

故答案为:( 1 ) A;D           

( 2 )非条件反射

单项选择题
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     Children's fighting over the same toy is a problem that all parents or childcare providers face. If one

child wants to play the Play Station, all the other children are suddenly interested in doing the same thing

quickly abandoning whatever has previously held their attention. This is human nature playing itself out in

children. People often think that what someone else has or is doing is more desirable than what they have

or are doing. They will abandon their own wish to participate in the wish of another so that they do not

lose something better. Children start this at a young age.

     Parents and childcare workers often see the children fighting for rights to one toy rather than being

satisfied with playing with something else. The best way to help children overcome this human habit is to

teach them to consider others more important than themselves. They need to respect other people. So if

Johnny wants to use the Play Station unbroken, then the other children should not fight to take it from

him. Johnny should also care about the other children and render the controller to them in a fair amount

of time.

     If a child is always grabbing everything for himself, then there is a problem that needs working out. If

a child is always dissatisfied with what he has and wants what the other child has, then that needs to be

talked about. Parents can use these fights over toys to help their children understand how to treat others

right. This does not always mean punishment. Teach the child the way that he should go and he will not

depart from it. Instruct him wisely. Have the child apologize to the other child if he has infringed upon

(侵犯) his rights. Teach love, forgiveness, self-control, and kindness. Practice this in your life and the

child will learn that this is the better way and live accordingly. Next time all the children are fighting for the

same toy, use it as an object lesson to teach them these things.  

1. Which saying can best describe children's fighting for the same toy?

A. Losers are always in the wrong.

B. You cannot eat your cake and have it.

C. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

D. The grass is always greener on the other side.   

2. When children are fighting for one toy, parents or childcare workers can ______________.

A. impress on them the importance of rules

B. teach them to think more of other people 

C. sit back and let them solve their own problem

D. guide them to solve their problem through teamwork

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "render"?

A. show            

B. borrow            

C. give          

D. throw

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. What are children's favorite toys?

B. When do children fight over the same toy?

C. Why do children like to fight over the same toy?

D. How to solve children's fight over the same toy?