王富仁教授认为中国近代以来每30年就有一个文化周期：1859-1889-1919_爱下问搜题

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问题选择题

王富仁教授认为中国近代以来每30年就有一个文化周期：1859-1889-1919-1949-1979-2009，每一阶段都有文化的具体特征。其中对1889-1919年的描述不正确的是

A．从学制度到学思想，国人的思想解放不断加深

B．“中体西用”的主张推动了中国社会的近代化

C．马克思主义从传入到成为这一时期的主流思想

D．这一时期的各种思想“犬牙交错”，异常复杂

答案

答案：B

题目分析：B项错误，1895年《马关条约》的签订表明以中体西用为指导思想的洋务运动失败，中国人开始了制度的学习。故选B。A项正确，1898年维新变法、1911年开始的辛亥革命都是学习西方的制度，1915年开始的新文化运动学习的是西方的思想。C项正确，1917年后，马克思主义得到传播；D项正确，此时是思想的交错变化时期，异常复杂，各种救国思潮不断地出现。

点评：此题实际上考查的是西学东渐的内容。鸦片战争后开始了西学东渐的征程。鸦片战争后一些先进的士大夫认识到与西方的差距，主张学习西方先进的科学技术，主要的代表人物有林则徐、魏源等。由李鸿章等人学习西方的科技到康有为、孙中山陈独秀等分别主张学习西方的制度和思想，主张维新改良、共和，反对儒家伦理道德。中国向西方学习经历了一个由排斥西方先进制度和思想文化到全盘西化，再到正确认识西方文化过程。十月革命后，马克思主义传入我国，马克思主义与中国的国情相结合在革命和建设过程中形成了毛 * * 思想、邓 * * 理论和三个代表等重要思想。

单项选择题

关于二级建筑施工企业试验室的技术人员配备，下列叙述错误的是( )。

A．负责人为具有三年以上试验室工作经历的工程师

B．有职称的技术人员不少于3人

C．专职试验人员为5～8人，并有相应数量的试验工人

D．所有试验操作人员应持证上岗

问答题

The produce departments of the future may look like nothing on earth, and with good reason. Chinese scientists have been growing tomatoes the size of softballs, cucumbers as long as baseball bats and other outsize fruits and vegetables, using seeds that have been shot into space. The seeds are then exposed to seven types of extraterrestrial conditions, from zero gravity and cosmic radiation to subatomic particles. (46) As these space veggies grow back on earth, they are selected for desirable traits--bulk, appearance or certain nutrients--then bred through successive generations to ensure that the mutations are consistent.
Chinese scientists don’t understand exactly how a trip into space alters the seeds’ DNA and yields such effects, but it’s not just size that changes. (47) Tong Yichao, whose firm, the Beijing Flying Eagle Green Foods Group, has been sending seeds and seedlings aboard Chinese spacecraft since 1999, says it has grown space tomatoes with 27 percent more of the antioxidant beta carotene than ordinary ones, and six-foot-tall cotton plants that produce longer, more flexible threads. Using conventional methods, "a scientist might create just three new plants in his lifetime," says Tong. "We’ve developed more than 50 since 1999."
(48) A dozen or so Chinese firms are paying up to $ 45 000 a gram to place various flora aboard satellites and manned spacecraft. The long-term goal: to feed more people and help endangered species escape extinction. To date, nearly 3 000 botanical species-including garden vegetables, medicinal herbs and flowers--have been sent into orbit and brought back to earth.
(49) The commercial promise of China’s space veggies has yet to, er, bear fruit. It’ s legal to sell the cosmic produce, and commercial farms have purchased some space plants. But most are being developed in labs or experimental greenhouses because no one wants to go to market before the safety and quality of the produce have been established. Even so, the idea of space flora is proving irresistible to a novelty-loving Chinese public. (50) When Tong displayed a handful of monster space eggplants--the largest of which weighed more than four pounds--at an expo, one disappeared before the show opened. Hot stuff, for sure.