问题 问答题

赵大爷,68岁,体型肥胖,活动或劳累后膝关节酸痛3年,近一周来疼痛加重,不能活动。查体:膝关节肿胀。赵大爷平时善于交际,社会活动较多,所以对当前的处境很不适应,表现为烦躁、易怒。 问题: 1.赵大爷的主要护理诊断/问题有哪些? 2.如何做好赵大爷的身心护理?

答案

参考答案:

1.赵大爷的主要护理诊断/问题 

①慢性疼痛:与关节退行性变引起的关节软骨破坏及骨板病变有关。 

②躯体活动障碍:与关节疼痛、畸形有关。 

③有孤独的危险:与躯体活动受限导致不能与外界交往有关。 

2.身心护理 

①一般护理:赵大爷处于急性发作期,应限制关节的活动,待病情平稳后,应坚持运动锻炼,且在饮食上应尽量减少高脂、高糖食品的摄入,从而达到减肥的目的。 

②减轻疼痛:在卧床休息的基础上,配合局部理疗与按摩,可有一定的镇痛作用。 

③功能锻炼:在急性期时练股四头肌的伸缩活动,病情平稳后,再练伸屈及旋转活动。 

④增强自理:运用辅助器具或特殊的设计以保证或提高老年人的自理能力。 

⑤用药护理:严格遵医嘱服药,且用药期间应加强临床观察,注意监测X线片和关节积液。 

⑥心理护理:为老人安排有利于交际的环境,如床距窗户较近,窗户的高度较低,房间距老人活动中心较近等,邀请老人的好友到家里汇聚,增加其与外界互动的机会。

阅读理解

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      American teens are setting an example for their parents through their volunteer work, according to

the Harris Interactive poll conducted in the United States between Jan.29 and Feb.2 among 2,003 adults.

The random national telephone survey released this week by the Federal Waybased charity World Vision

found that more teens volunteer to support a charitable (慈善的) cause-56 percent-than have a parttime

job-39 percent.

      Parents and guardians said 82 percent of the teens in their lives do something to support charitable

causes, including volunteering, recruiting others to a cause, wearing a Tshirt or donating money.Fortysix

percent of the adults surveyed said they volunteered their time and they also inspired their children to

volunteer.

Sara Johnson, a teacher who advises students at a private school in a Chicago suburb, says she's seen a

rise of teen involvement in social causes since President Barack Obama was elected in November.

      The Harris Interactive survey found a quarter of teens have become more involved in charitable

causes or organizations as a result of the economic downturn, but the economy has also led to cuts in

allowances, and has teens work more hours at a paying job.

      Alynn Woodson, director of volunteer engagement at Habitat for Humanity International, said she

has noticed a new enthusiasm among teen volunteers for the organization.

      Habitat for Humanity International celebrates the 20th anniversary of its alternative spring break

program this year and is expecting more than 12,000 young people to help build homes for lowincome

people around the nation.

1. The following statements about the teens' voluntary work are true EXCEPT________.

A. the economic downturn led teens to work less hours at paying jobs

B. the poll was done at the end of January and the early February

C. children do more voluntary work than their parents

D. more teens are involved in charitable causes or organizations

2. We can infer from the passage that________.

A. parents and guardians encourage their children to do voluntary work

B. volunteers all wear Tshirts while doing charity work

C. more teens are doing paying jobs as a result of the economic downturn

D. less teens were enthusiastic about voluntary work before Obama came into power

3. The author mentioned Habitat for Humanity International in order to prove________.

A. that homes for lowincome people will be built around the nation

B. Alynn Woodson is the director of volunteer engagement

C. more young people are doing volunteer work

D. it's 20 years since Habitat for Humanity International came into being

4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. More teens doing voluntary work

B. Teens setting examples for parents in charitable causes

C. Comments on teens' voluntary work

D. The 20th anniversary of Habitat for Humanity International

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     The United Nations says more than 900 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat.Officials

say 100 million more could go hungry this year because of the food and financial crises.

     To deal with the situation, the UN World Food Program has started a project to help small farmers.

These farmers are mainly women.Many cannot produce enough food even to feed and support their own

families.

     The new effort is called Purchase for Progress, or P4P.It aims to connect local farmers with

dependable markets.That way, they could get a chance to sell their surplus (剩余) at competitive prices.

P4P will be tested in as many as 21 countries during the next five years.

     The biggest contributor to the project is Bill Gates, through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Another donor (捐款者) is the Howard Buffett Foundation, led by a son of the American investor

Warren Buffett.The government of Belgium is also supporting the project in a former colony (殖民地),

now the Democratic Republic of Congo.

     Together these donors have provided more than 76 million dollars for projects in Africa and Central

America.

      Purchase for Progress will work with United Nations agencies, governments and nongovernmental

organizations to help increase crop production.The World Bank Group and other partners are to help

train farmers in better crop management and marketing skills.

      The World Food Program says it expects to buy 40,000 tons of food in the first year using methods

carried out by the project.That will be enough to feed 250,000 people.

     P4P is expected to develop food cooperatives and longterm agreements for buying corn, wheat and

other food crops.About 350,000 farmers could be assisted.

     Officials say the project will change the way the World Food Program buys food in developing

countries.  Executive Director Josette Sheeran says this is the first time her agency will buy a large

amount  of food from small farmers.The agency has traditionally bought most of its food from developing

countries, but through larger trading organizations.

1.  From the passage, we know that________.

A. in all 900 million people worldwide lack food

B. a project has been started to help women farmers

C. there are only two donors to help the project

D. some farmers still cannot support their families

2. According to the passage, ________will work hard to deal with the situation.

A. the United Nations

B. the combined efforts

C. some governments

D. some nongovernmental organizations

3. Which of the following will NOT be done to help small farmers?

A. To donate money.

B. To reform the way of food purchase.

C. To provide them with food.

D. To buy a large amount of food from them.

4. What's the best title for this passage?

A. Project to Help Small Farmers

B. Contribution to Small Farmers

C. Food Problems

D. P4P Is Being Carried Out