问题 问答题 简答题

胸腔闭式引流患者的护理要点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

胸腔闭式引流的患者,其护理要点:

(1)术前向患者简要说明手术的目的、意义、过程及注意事项,以取得患者的理解和配合。

(2)备齐用物:一次性塑料水封瓶或消毒的玻璃水封瓶(瓶内注入500ml无菌的蒸馏水或生理盐水)、引流管、胸腔切开引流包、床旁小桌、消毒手套、大弯血管钳两把等。调节并保持合适的压力(-8~10cmHO2)。

(3)观察和保证引流效果:引流术后引流瓶应放于胸腔以下位置,放置妥当;连续观察引流装置和引流管的通畅情况,以及患者有无不适;定期挤压引流管以防堵塞;鼓励患者适当翻身。

(4)严格执行无菌操作,每天更换引流瓶,注意连接管和接头处的消毒,伤口敷料每1~2天更换1次,如伤口敷料已被分泌物渗湿或污染,应及时更换。

(5)协助患者采取舒适体位。

(6)拔管准备:肺完全复张,无气体逸出24小时,再夹管24小时,若x线检查未发现气胸复发,可准备拔管。

(7)观察并记录引流液的色、质、量和生命体征。

(8)搬动患者时需将两把止血钳双重夹紧引流管交叉处,防止发生管道脱节、漏气或倒吸等意外情况。

(9)更换引流瓶时应将近心端的引流管夹住,待处理安置稳妥后方可松开止血钳,以防止气体进入胸腔。一旦引流瓶被打破时,应迅速用血管钳夹住引流管并及时更换引流瓶。(10)若胸腔引流管不慎滑出胸腔时,应嘱患者呼气,迅速用凡士林纱布将伤口覆盖,并立即通知医师进行处理。O)。

阅读理解

Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings.

In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.

The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).

Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18C, people become stronger.

Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for work and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度).

Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem.

小题1:People may have more intelligence when _____ comes.

A.a rain

B.very hot weather

C.a strong wind

D.low air pressure小题2:Low air pressure may make people _______.

A.forgetful

B.sad

C.angry

D.tired小题3:In “good weather” of 18 centigrade, _______.

A.people are very forgetful

B.people can’t do their work well

C.thin people feel cold

D.people are in better health小题4:The writer wants to tell us that _______.

A.hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way

B.weather influences people’s lives

C.IQ never changes during weather changes

D.There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health

选择题