问题 问答题

五、某工程,建设单位与施工单位按照《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》签订了施工合同,合同工期9个月,合同价840万元,各项工作均按最早时间安排且均匀速施工,经项目监理机构批准的施工进度计划如图5-1所示(时间单位:月),施工单位的报价单(部分)见表5-1.施工合同中约定:预付款按合同价的20%支付,工程款付至合同价的50%时开始扣回预付款,3个月内平均扣回;质量保修金为合同价的5%,从第1个月开始,按月应付款的10%扣留,扣足为止。

 工程于2006年4月1日开工。施工过程中发生了如下事件:   事件1:建设单位接到政府安全管理部门将于7月份对工程现场进行安全施工大检查的通知后,要求施工单位结合现场安全施工状况进行自查,对存在的问题进行整改。施工单位进行了自查整改,向项目监理机构递交了整改报告,同时要求建设单位支付为迎接检查进行整改所发生的2. 8万元费用。   事件2:现场浇筑的混凝土楼板出现多条裂缝,经有资质的检测单位检测分析,认定是商品混凝土质量问题。对此,施工单位认为混凝土厂家是建设单位推荐的,建设单位负有推荐不当的责任,应分担检测费用。   事件3:K工作施工中,施工单位按设计文件建议的施工工艺难以施工,故向建设单位书面提出了工程变更的请求。   问题:

批准的施工进度计划中有几条关键线路?列出这些关键线路。

答案

参考答案:

4条。   关键线路:A→D→H→K(或:①→②→⑤→⑧→⑩);   A→D→H→J (或:①→②→⑤→⑧→⑨→⑩) ;   A→D→I→K (或:①→②→⑤→⑥→⑦→⑧→⑩;   A→D→I→J (或:①→②→⑤→⑧→⑦→⑧→⑨→⑩)。

问答题 简答题
填空题

[A] Possible ways to keep free from Alzheimer’s
[B] Deficiency of data-collecting in the study
[C] The new findings of ineffectiveness of past cures
[D] Weak evidence of the research
[E] How the new analysis coming from
[F] Future direction of the research concerned
[G] Traditional beliefs in preventive measures

Lifestyle May Not Prevent Alzheimer’s


A comprehensive analysis by an independent government panel has found that there is not enough scientific evidence to date to support the advice doctors currently give—such as exercising, doing crossword puzzles or eating a Mediterranean-style diet—for preventing or controlling symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
(41)______
As rates of age-related dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have continued to rise in the U.S.—largely because Americans are living longer and the over-65 population has swelled to record highs—researchers have worked relentlessly to understand the causes of these mind- robbing diseases and to help prevent or slow their progression. To clarify the state of the current evidence and offer physicians clearer treatment guidelines, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in early 2009 commissioned a detailed analysis of existing studies, covering 165 papers published between 1984 and 2009.
(42)______
For years, the prevailing hypothesis has been "Use it or lose it" when it comes to avoiding gradual age-related mental decline. Data has associated behaviors such as keeping the mind actively engaged throughout life, staying physically active, eating certain foods and supplementing the diet with specific vitamins and nutrients with lower rates of dementia in old age. These lifestyle factors appeared to limit cognitive decline of various kinds, from occasional "senior moments" to the more serious episodes of cognitive impairment that can be a prelude to Alzheimer’s disease.
(43)______
Now researchers at Duke University report in the current issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine that the data on the preventive effects of lifestyle factors is not as p as they had thought. Led by Brenda Plassman, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, the study authors analyzed decades’ worth of research, including observational studies in which scientists looked retrospectively at a group of participants to tease out associations between certain behaviors (like exercise) and selected effects (like scores on tests of memory and cognitive skills), as well as the more definitive clinical trials that randomly assign volunteers to intervention or control groups and then assess how the intervention affects cognitive ability.
(44)______
Overall, the researchers say they were dismayed with the paucity and weakness of the existing evidence. "When we applied rigorous but consistent standards to review all the studies, we found that there was not sufficient evidence to recommend any single activity or factor that was protective of cognitive decline later in life, " says Plassman.
(45)______
However weakly, though, the review did support what doctors know about risk factors for cognitive decline: smoking, diabetes, depression, metabolic syndrome and specific gene variants were all linked with increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, preventive behaviors such as eating a Mediterranean diet, exercising, maintaining cognitive engagement (doing puzzles, learning new things) and fostering extensive social relationships were linked to a lower risk.
The problem is that none of these relationships were particularly robust, the authors say. And none were p enough to justify recommending the behaviors to people who want to prevent or slow down the onset of dementia. The findings led the NIH to issue Monday’s state-of-the-science statement, in which the agency notes, "Currently, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the association of any modifiable risk factor with cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s disease." Although the statement does not constitute an official policy or government recommendation, it serves as a guideline for doctors advising patients about the best evidence on the role of lifestyle factors in Alzheimer’s prevention.