问题 问答题

2×10年9月22日,北京信达会计师事务所首次接受委托对银地房地产股份公司(以下简称银地公司)2×10年财务报表的审计工作。会计师事务所主任会计师(法人代表)高进指派注册会计师徐涛、陈林和助理人员等负责本次审计工作,徐涛任项目负责人。20×9年的财务报表审计工作由保正会计师事务所完成,并发表了无保留意见的审计报告。
资料一:
(1) 注册会计师徐涛等人于2×10年10月2日进驻银地公司,通过查阅董事会会议记录与公司总经理交谈,了解到银地公司于2005年成立,主要开发民用住宅和商业地产。公司近几年在全国几个主要城市均有开发项目,业绩增长较快,地产销售形式较好。公司下期主要目标在大型城市开发的同时,开拓我国中型城市市场,目前已经有5个地级市竞拍到6宗土地共计15万平方米,平均价格6000元/平方米,采取分期支付地价的方式,所有款项在2×11年8月20日付清。目前已经支付16000万元,预计剩余款项将用2×11年的销售款归还。
(2) 20×9年2月银地公司全年开发了“城市广场”一个项目,该项目总建筑面积:53520m2,其中:高层住宅34420m2,多层住宅:8400m2,住宅底商:700m2,裙楼商业:10000m2。起价7000元/m2,房屋从20×9年4月开始建造并预售,2×10年9月交付业主,注册会计师要求银地公司提供“城市广场”的销控表,销控表显示所有的房屋在20×9年9月已全部出售,2×10年。助理人员抽取部分合同和发票进行核对,发现裙楼商业销控表中有经理和副经理的名字,共购商铺1000m2。而合同显示的业主为他人,经询问业主,业主证实本商铺是以10000元/m2价格(市场售价11000元/m2)从他人转让后,在开发商处办理的合同变更手续。陈林查找了收款凭证,缴款人为经理,缴款时间为20×9年6月,共收房款600万元。除此之外,抽查的其他房屋合同、收据(发票)、销控表均未发现异常。账面显示银地公司2×10年的主营业务收入为11000万元。
(3) 20×9年5月在市郊开工的“林园”住宅项目,于2×10年8月完工并符合国家规定的交房条件。2×10年3月在“林园”必经的无名道路尽头处规划了殡仪馆后销售状况不佳,更有好事之人将无名路命名为“黄泉路”,甚至出现原签合同的业主要求退房,理由是不愿“天天走在黄泉路上,夜夜住在陵园里”。银地公司正在与政府协商改道措施。
(4) 2×11年4月国务院出台第二套房贷新政和其他调控政策的出台,房价下跌,部分贷款客户无法取得预期贷款要求退房,银地公司根据合同规定未答应退房。部分客户联合起来,以银地公司在预售时没有取得商品房预售许可证明为由向法院起诉,要求银地公司返还已付购房款及利息、并按已付购房款的1倍赔偿损失。该项目的预售许可证正在办理过程中,银地公司未在2×10年预计相应的负债。
资料二:注册会计师在审查相关账目时发现下列问题(假设不考虑相关税费,所涉及会计分录的金额用“万元”表示):
(1) 银地公司的CBD项目建设由新地建设开发公司总承包,承建面积为50000m2,承包价为1000元/m2。2×10年工程验收合格。由于财务发生困难,银地公司与新地公司经协商一致达成如下意向:将一栋8000m2商住楼作价3000元/m2抵偿建设款。该商住楼的市场售价为5500元/m2。注册会计师审查了CBD项目的建设成本,综合成本价为2000元/m2。银地公司与该事项有关的会计处理为:
借:应付账款 5000
贷:主营业务收入 2400
营业外收入 2600
借:主营业务成本 1600
贷:开发产品1600
(2) 银地公司20×6年底建成的商业广场目前已形成了商业中心,除其中自有一栋10000m2的营销大楼外,其余均已对外销售。该营销大楼从20×8年7月起一直闲置,2×10年9月,公司决定将该营销大楼以10000元/m2(同公允价值)的价格对外分割出售,2×10年12月已经销售5000m2并交付给业主。注册会计师查阅了其固定资产账目,该营销大楼于2006年12月作为固定资产入账,入账价值为2000万元,预计使用寿命为50年,无残值,采用直线法计提折旧。银地公司与该事项有关的会计处理为:
借:投资性房地产 10000
累计折旧 80
贷:固定资产 2000
资本公积——其他资本公积 8080
2×10年确认销售:
借:银行存款 5000
贷:其他业务收入 5000
借:其他业务成本960
资本公积——其他资本公积 4040
贷:投资性房地产5000
(3) 银地公司20×9年建成蓝湖花园二期并已经预售,合同约定业主在20×9年12月支付90%的款项,其余10%在交房时交清。20×9年共收蓝湖花园二期房款27000万元,并在20×9年确认了主营业务收入,按比例结转了17000万元的销售成本。注册会计师查阅了相关的合同和发票,未见异常,2×10年5月交付时确认了剩余的收入和成本。
(4) 2×10年1月,银地公司为某商业银行职工开发员工住宅小区并签订一项总金额为40000万元的固定造价合同,预计总成本为36000万元。2×10年度实际发生成本25200万元。2×10年末,预计为完成该项合同尚需在2×11年发生成本16800万元,该合同的结果能够可靠估计,但银地公司在2×10年度尚未确认与该项合同相关的主营业务收入和主营业务成本。银地公司采用完工百分比法确认合同收入和合同费用,按累计实际发生的合同成本占合同预计总成本的比例确定合同完工程度。
(5) 2×10年2月,银地公司委托该公司承办产品广告业务,采用机场广告牌方式。广告合同约定:机场广告牌费用为14400万元。展示时间为2×10年2月至2×12年1月共两年,若因故在展示期间中止广告,则代理方应退还中止广告期间所对应的广告费用。银地公司于2×10年7月一次全额支付该项广告费用,并全额记入2×10年度销售费用。

针对资料二(3)的问题,如果注册会计师认为需要调整报表,注册会计师还应当采取什么措施

答案

参考答案:后任注册会计师如果发现前任注册会计师审计的财务报表可能存在重大错报,后任注册会计师应当提请被审计单位调整财务报表,并告知前任注册会计师。必要时,后任注册会计师可要求被审计单位“安排三方会谈”。
被审计单位拒绝告知前任,或前任拒绝参加三方会谈,或后任对解决问题的方案不满意,后任应当考虑这种情况对当前审计业务的潜在影响,并根据具体情况出具恰当的审计报告;是否退出当前审计业务;后任可考虑向其法律顾问咨询,以便决定如何采取进一步措施。

问答题 案例分析题

某轿车生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,2006年11月份和12月份的生产经营情况如下:

(1)11月从国内购进汽车配件,取得防伪税控系统开具的增值税专用发票,注明金额280万元、增值税税额47.6万元,取得的货运发票上注明运费l0万元,建设基金2万元;

(2)11月在国内销售发动机10台给一小规模纳税人,取得收入28.O8万元;出口发动机80台,取得销售额200万元;

(3)12月进口原材料一批,支付给国外买价120万元,包装材料8万元,到达我国海关以前的运输装卸费3万元、保险费l3万元,从海关运往企业所在地支付运输费7万元;

(4)12月进口两台机械设备,支付给国外的买价60万元,相关税金3万元,支付到达我国海关以前的装卸费、运输费6万元、,保险费2万元,从海关运往企业所在地支付运输费4万元;

(5)12月国内购进钢材,取得防伪税控系统开具的增值税专用发票,注明金额300万元、增值税税额51万元,另支付购货运输费用l2万元、装卸费用3万元;当月将30%用于企业基建工程;

(6)12月从废旧物资回收经营单位购入报废汽车部件,取得废旧物资回收经营单位开具的税务机关监制的普通发票,注明金额90万元,另支付运输费、装卸费共计6万元;

(7)12月1日将A型小轿车l30辆赊销给境内某代理商,约定12月15日付款,l5日企业开具增值税专用发票,注明金额2340万元、增值税税额397.8万元,代理商30日将货款和延期付款的违约金8万元支付给企业;

(8)12月销售A型小轿车l0辆给本企业有突出贡献的业务人员,以成本价核算取得销售金额80万元;

(9)12月企业新设计生产8型小轿车2辆,每辆成本价12万元,为了检测其性能,将其移送企业下设的汽车维修厂进行碰撞实验,企业和维修厂位于同一市区,市场上无B型小轿车销售价格。

其他相关资料:①该企业进口原材料和机械设备的关税税率为10%;②生产销售的小轿车适用消费税率12%;③B型小轿车成本利润率8%;④城市维护建设税税率7%;⑤教育费附加征收率3%;⑥退税率l3%;⑦相关票据在有效期内均通过主管税务机关认证。

要求:

根据上述资料,按下列序号回答问题,每问需计算出合计数;

(1)计算企业11月份应退的增值税;

(2)计算企业11月份留抵的增值税;

(3)计算企业l2月进口原材料应缴纳的关税;

(4)计算企业l2月进口原材料应缴纳的增值税;

(5)计算企业l2月进口机械设备应缴纳的关税;

(6)计算企业l2月进口机械设备应缴纳的增值税;

(7)计算企业l2月国内购进原材料和运费可抵扣的进项税额;

(8)计算企业l2月购入报废汽车部件可抵扣的进项税额;

(9)计算企业l2月销售A型小轿车的销项税额;

(10)计算企业l2月B型小轿车的销项税额;

(11)计算企业l2月应缴纳的增值税;

(12)计算企业12月应缴纳的消费税(不含进口环节);

(13)计算企业l2月应缴纳的城市维护建设税和教育费附加。

填空题

[A] Convenient packaging
[B] Health and wellness
[C] Skeptical customers
[D] Enormous markets
[E] Soaring sales
[F] Trendy drink
In the last 40 years the bottled water industry has gone from a business prospect that few took seriously, to a global industry worth billions of pounds. The commodity itself remains simple. The way we think about it has changed fundamentally. Water is natural, pure and sourced at minimal cost. Its real value lies in its marketing and branding. "I think bottled water is the most revealing substance for showing us how the global capitalist market works today," says Richard Wilk, professor of anthropology at Indiana University. "In a sense we’re buying choice, we’re buying freedom. That’s the only thing that can explain why you would pay money for a bottle of something that you can otherwise get for free. "
41. ______
Through a confection of advertising and marketing, bottled water has become one of the biggest success stories in the modern food and beverage industry. "The demand for bottle water has grown exponentially in the last few decades," says Dr. Peter Gleick, author of Bottled and Sold. "It’s doubled, it’s doubled again and it’s doubled again. And the bottle water companies see enormous markets not just in the rich countries but also in the poorer countries. "

No actual variety


Some people think that bottled water is the high point of global capitalism, particularly the people in the bottled water business. "I think bottled water actually represents a kind of caricature of the global economy. It provides people in the developed world with 20 or 30 varieties of something for which there is no actual variety," says Charles Fishman, author of The Big Thirst.
42. ______.
At the beginning there really was no variety and the bottled water phenomenon began with one brand. Perrier (佩绿雅,矿泉水品牌) was a triumph of advertising, creating a brand that was to define a generation. At the heart of the campaign to make the brand popular was Richard Wheatley, of the Leo Burnett advertising agency between 1979 and 1994. "Perrier popularised bottled water," he says. "It made it acceptable, more than acceptable, it made it... desirable. " But it was not an instant success. When Perrier UK was looking to increase its sales in the early 1970’s, it faced a skeptical public. Many questioned why anyone would buy water when you could get it free from the tap.
43. ______.
Faced with obstacles, Perrier turned to advertising with a campaign that was to change our consumer landscape for ever. The campaign was a marketing coup and sales went through the roof from 12 million bottles in 1980 to 152 million by the end of the decade. Perrier was no longer just a bottle of water. The marketing and advertising teams had established a crucial emotional link between the product and the consumers. "Perrier became a badge," says Michael Bellas, chairman of the Beverage Marketing Corporation. "When you held a Perrier bottle up, it said something about yourself, it said you were sophisticated, you understood what was happening in the world. It was a perfect beverage for the young and coming business executives, the trend-setters. "
44. ______.
In an age of instant gratification, still water in portable bottles provided what people needed, exactly when they needed it. "People in general are more and more time pressed," says Mr. Fishman. "We don’t cook our own meals any more, we eat prepared foods of all kinds. And there’s nothing more appealing than a bottle of cold water at a moment when you’re really thirsty. But I think bottled water is one of those products that on many occasions when people buy it, what they’re buying isn’t the water so much as the bottle. That is the package and the convenience at that moment. "
45. ______.
When people bought this convenience, what they were really buying was Polyethylene Terephthalate, or PET, the single most important innovation in the industry’s history. Strong, shatterproof and a highly valued form of polyester, PET is a by-product of the oil industry. It is now utilised in the packaging of everything from pharmaceuticals and soap, to ready meals. In years to come, the environmental impact of PET would haunt the industry and raise questions about its very survival, but in the 1990s this was a revolution. According to Mr. Bellas it was behind the subsequent incredible growth of the industry. "Starting with the introduction of the small premium PET waters, the category started to explode," says Mr. Bellas. "The bottled water industry before PET on the list of all beverage categories was number seven. With the advent of PET, water jumped to the number two spot, behind carbonated soft drinks. "
By branding and marketing water, bottled water has been transformed from something that many of us took for granted into a product that now makes billions for global multinational companies.