问题 问答题

阅读下列材料:
材料1 甲、乙二人各有一个两岁的孩子,全都望予成龙。甲教孩子死背唐诗宋词,并尝试着让他分辨形近的字。第一天教个“人”,第二天教个“入”,第三天教个“八”,让孩子分辨“人”“入”“八”的细微差别。结果,孩子很快就厌学了。乙则让孩子观察生活现察事物,寓教于快乐之中。一次,乙给孩子买了几只不同的兔子;有大兔、中兔、小兔;有白兔、黑兔、灰兔。乙问孩子:“它们一样吗”孩子答:“不一样。”问:“怎样不一样”答:“大小不一样,颜色不一样。”问;“那么,有没有一样的地方呢”在乙的循循善诱下,孩子终于归纳出了它们都有“长耳朵”“短尾巴”“三辫嘴”等特点,并知道这是一种称之为“兔子”的共 性,进而形成了“兔子”的概念。后来,乙又给孩子买了猫、狗、鸟……并带着孩子参现了动物园,形成了“动物”的概念,弄懂了动物的一般特征。由此,孩子初步具备了抽象思维的能力。
材料2 某幼儿园上观摩课,讲授磁石。每个孩子的桌子中间摆着磁石及左、右两组东西。左边一组为:铁钉、铁片、铁碗、铁块;右边一组为;木头、棉花、橡皮、玻璃。老师让孩子分别用左、右两组的东西接触磁石。由于左边的东西都是铁质物品,故而能够被磁石吸引:由于右边的物品都是非铁物品,故而不能被磁石吸引。老师归纳说;“左边的物品尽管存在着差异,但全都具有铁质的特点,右边的物品尽管也存在着差异,但全都具有非铁质的特点。因此,磁石吸铁。”听课的专家们对这堂课评价很高,认为它给孩子的教益不仅仅是懂得了一个自然的常识,更重要的是进行了辩证思维的启蒙。
请回答:
(1)结合材料1,运用辩证的认识法则,比较甲、乙二人教育方式的优劣。
(2)结合材料2,阐述幼儿园的观摩课何以进行了辩证思维的启蒙。
(3)结合材料1与材料2,说明乙的教育方法与幼儿园的观摩课之共同的优点。

答案

参考答案:(1)“个性——共性——个性”是人类认识事物的一般法则,即总是先认识事物的个性,然后进行思维的抽象,升华成共性,尔后在共性的指导下,再去认识新的个性。已通过认识不同的兔子(个性),然后抽象出兔子(共性),正是遵循了人类认识的一般法则。相反,甲的教育方法是机械式的死记硬背,对于培育儿童的抽象思维能力并没有什么帮助。
(2)幼儿园的观摩课同样有益于孩子们形成“个性——共性——个性”的思维能力。另外,对左组事物的认识,属于正面求同;对右组事物的认识,属于反面求同;左、右两组对比,属于正、反求异。这是一种求同求异并存的思维方法。
(3)他们共同的优点是教会了孩子们一种认识事物的能力。不仅送人以鱼,而且授人以渔。

解析: 考查对“个性——共性——个性”这一认识法则的把握。两段材料的共同点就是如何教会孩子们形成抽象思维能力,即善于把握“个性——共性——个性”的认识法则。必须紧紧把握这一核心,然后结合材料予以阐述。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television

companies.

    Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general

public, and  then they have sold audiences to advertisers.

    An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on

Saturday and Sunday afternoons-the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising

time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

      Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising

dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising

departments of major corporations realize that sports attract made viewers. They also realize that most

business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars

and life insurance.

      Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings(收视率)are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from  the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and

business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling

high-priced cars. business and personal computer, and holiday trips .This is also why the networks  

continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.

     Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of "company cars" and computer, with such viewers, these programs don't

need high ratings to stay on the air.

1. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons         .

A. result in more sport event            

B. get more viewers to play sports

C. make more people interested in television    

D. bring more money to the television networks

2. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

A. Because there would be few viewers

B. Because the advertisers would be off work

C. Because television programs would go slowly

D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television

3. In many families, men make decision on          .

A. holiday    

B. sports viewing  

C. television shopping  

D. expensive purchases

4. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because         .

A. their advertisers are carmakers          

B. their viewers are attracted by sports

C. their advertisers target at rich people      

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Television viewers are determined by male viewers

B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies

C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television

D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport event