1) ______ the Oral Approach
2) ______ the Cognitive Approach
3) ______ the Direct Method
4) ______ the Audiolingnal Method
5) ______ the Natural Approach
a) According to Gouin, verbal expression is intimately linked with thought about real events. Thoughts and utterances came in sequences and ends-means series.
b) Primary importance is attached to meaning, context and situation.
c) Language is structured like a pyramid, that is ,linguistic levels are systems within systems.
d) Language is characterized by rule-governed creativity.
e) Communication is the primary function of language, and emphasis is on meaning.
参考答案：a
解析：十九世纪最著名的语言教学革新家是法国人古文。根据他的教学法，新的语言教材按“系列(series)”介绍。这种系列包括与某一件事情的动作先后顺序有关的一系列句子。他认为人的言语表达是和对现实世界产生的思想紧密相连的。