问题 问答题 案例分析题

法国哲学家帕斯卡说,“人只不过是一根芦苇,是自然界最脆弱的东酉,但他是一根能思想的芦苇.用不着整个宇宙都拿起武器才能毁灭他,一口气、一滴水就足以致他死命了.然而,纵使宇宙毁灭了他,人却依然要比致他于死命的东西高贵得多;因为他知道自己要死亡,以及宇宙对他所具有的优势,而宇宙对此却是一无所知。因而我们全部的尊严就在于思想.” 中国哲学家冯友兰说:“宇宙间若没有鸟璃蜂蚁,不过是投有玛和蜂蚊.但宇宙间苦没有人,则宇宙间即没有解,没有觉,至少是没有较高程度的觉解。……宇宙间若没有人,则宇宙只是一个棍沌。朱子引某人诗云:‘天不生仲尼,万古常如夜.’此以孔于为人的代表,即所谓‘人之至者’。我们可以说.天若不生人,万古常如夜。” 问题1:根据上面两段话,谈谈思想对于一个人的重要性究竟是什么? 问题2:结合教材对哲学价值的描述,谈谈哲学是如何促进人的思想发展的?

答案

参考答案:

1.无论是帕斯卡还是冯友兰的话,都说明了,对一个人来说,如以物质性的存在(肉体)和其他动物、和自然界相比,他并没有什么优越之处,只有人的思想才使人变得高贵起来。那么,思想对于一个人的重要性究竟是什么?按照冯友兰的说法,就是人有“觉解”。这从人类创造的哲学这门富有思想探索性的学问上就能看得出采。在哲学研究领域,哲学家们总是试图通过深入探讨那些支配人们思想的先决条件,研究,阐发和揭示潜藏于人们的日常用语之中、影响着人们对这些用语的使用,井进而渗透到人们的结论中。左右着人们的信仰和行动的初始的假定条件.比如说,确立科学的理论前提、阐明科学的基本性质、谋求科学的全体统一等等。

2.哲学除了对科学具有上述促进作用外,对人类的思想文化也具有强大的促进作用.其中,对日常意识的反思,对学科前提的批判,以及对自由意识的促进,是哲学对思想文化的三个主要作用.哲学通过对人类思想的促进,同时也就促进了人类的进步,也提升了人类自身的尊严。

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