问题 问答题

阅读下列材料: 材料一:经济重心转向大西洋后,世界经济进入了从产生到发展的最活跃时期。随着国家竞争的加剧,科学技术革命连续发生,生产力高层次飞跃,领先国家经历了由英国到美国的更替,从而牵动世界经济重心从西欧向北美跨越。——《世界经济运行轨迹探索》 材料二:17.世纪,整个欧洲大陆处于宗教迫害之中,反映自由、民主和科学的新思想,被当做“异端”、“邪说”而受压制,不少有发明创造的科技人才被处罚。与此同时,战争连绵不断,法国处于内战和向外扩张的连年战争中,意大利四分五裂,……这样,就使科技人才纷纷流向地地欧洲边缘而较为安定的英伦三岛。1740年经英国政府批准的实用专利只有四件,1760年为14件。——《英国经济史稿》 材料三:(19世纪后期)英国科学家虽然有不少发明,但他们固守蒸汽时代的旧技术,轻视电力技术的应用,比如电灯发明后,它以耀眼的光芒宣布,新的光源将使世界的面貌焕然一新,而当时的英国,电灯的推广却遭到煤气照明公司的反对,千方百计保护自己取得的垄断地位,致使第二次科技革命产生的新兴工业部门发展缓慢。——《世界近现代史》 材料四:美国这一时期的技术研究和技术引进,主要是应用技术,并不更多注意基础科学的研究,但这为后来科学技术研究室和更多的技术发明创造了条件,争取了时间,聚集了力量。在一、二次大战期间,欧洲及其世界各地的著名科学家向美国流动,美国抓住这一有利时机采取自由开放政策,在世界各地搜罗“知囊”,进口“博士”,以弥补自身不足。 请回答: (1)依据材料一、二,归纳17世纪后英国资本主义经济迅速发展的原因。 (2)据材料二、三,指出英国对科学技术态度的变化,并分析原因。 (3)据材料四概括美国采取的科教兴国战略措施。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)地处世界贸易中心;国内政局稳定;政府采取自由开放政策,招揽人才;重视科学技术的转化利用。 (2)由积极采用新技术到抵制新技术的推广使用。由于英国作为强大的殖民帝国,掌握了广阔的销售市场、原料产地和廉价的劳动力,即使在科学水平较低的情况下,英国资本家也能从殖民地获得巨额利润。 (3)重视研究和引进应用技术;同时抓住机遇引进人才。

填空题
阅读理解

Do you ever find yourself longing for (渴望) some time for yourself? Many of us are so busy with work and school and there is little time left to do something that we enjoy. What follows are some ways to find to slow down and enjoy life.

1. Evenings with Yourself. Try to save certain weeknights just for you. If others ask you to do something else, just tell them your plans. Use the time for gardening, reading or doing exercise.

2. Monthly Treat. Schedule a treat for yourself once a month. Maybe you can go to see a movie, have a haircut, play golf or whatever treat you’re always thinking about but rarely get to.

3. Buy Tickets in Advance. Sports, theater, concerts or any other event you would enjoy. Schedule the plans with a friend later. Having the tickets already in hand will force you to make it happen!

4. Join a Group. Here are some ideas of groups that can allow you some time away from work and study: singing group, book club, biking/walking/running/etc clubs, ski club, etc. What are you interested in? Look up a club in your area today and join! If you can’t find a club, consider starting one by yourself!

5. Exercise. For busy people it can be difficult to make time for this. All you have to do is decide today and then make it a reality tomorrow. A new habit is started with just one step. Take that first step tomorrow. Walk for 20 minutes in the morning. Then build on that success daily.

64. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Do more Exercise               B. How to Keep Fit

C. Find Time for Yourself           D. Spend Time with Your Friends

65. What are the main reasons why people have almost no time for relaxation?

A. Because people are eager to achieve success in life.

B. Because people are busy with their jobs and study.

C. Because people find it difficult to make their dreams come true.

D. Because people are too tired of life.

66. According to the passage, which of the following can NOT help you relax?

A. Do some exercise regularly, at least start to do some exercise.

B. Take part in some groups or build up a circle of your own.

C. Schedule certain evenings for yourself and enjoy them.

D. Stay late at your office and spend evenings with your colleagues.

67. According to the author, what is the most important step for an extremely busy man to do some exercise?

A. Buying some sports equipment.           B. Just doing it first.

C. Making a long-term plan.                D. Joining a health club.