问题 材料题

思想文化是人类历史的重要组成部分,影响着社会的发展。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:雍正时,江西主考官查嗣庭出了“维民所止”的试题,被人告发说“维止”是把“雍正”去“首”。雍正大怒,把查嗣庭下狱,查死在狱中,还被戮尸示众,亲属和学生被株连。

(1)材料一的做法被人们称为什么?有何危害?

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(2)结合所学知识列举秦朝、西汉、明朝统冶者加强思想控制的借施?

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材料二:人生如逆水行舟,不进则退,中国之恒言也。自宇宙之根本大法言之,森罗万象,无日不在演进之途.万无保守现状之理;特以俗见拘牵,谓有二境,此法兰西当代大哲学家柏格森众之《创造进化论》所以风风靡一世也。 ——《敬告青年》

(3)材料二的内容是陈独秀在新文化运动中发表的。这场运动的两面大旗是什么?

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材料三:1985年,上海宝山钢铁总厂一期工程完成。1993年,京九铁路全面开工。1994年,长江三峡工程正式开工,2009年全面竣工。1996年,中央电视台的节目覆盖全球。1999年,超级杂交稻研究试种获得成功。 2011年9月29日,我国自主研制的天宫一号发射成功。

(4)材料三列举的成就是在哪些思想理论指导下取得的?

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(5)在社会主义精神文明建设蓬勃发展的今天,我们应该如何对待中国传统思想文化和外来思想文化?

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答案

(1)大兴文字狱;从思想领域严密控制知识分子,造成了社会恐怖,摧残了人才。严重阻碍了中国社会的发展和进步。

(2)秦朝:焚书坑儒;西汉:罢黜百家,独尊儒术;明朝:八股取士。

(3)民主、科学。

(4)邓 * * 理论。

(5)对待中国传统思想文化和外来思想文化,要取其精华,去其糟粕;要批判地继承和吸收。(言之有理即可)

阅读理解

Yousuf Karsh,the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th century,died in a Boston hospital on July l3 th,2002.He was 93.

Working from a studio in Ottawa,Karsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill,John F.Kennedy,Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein.Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects.In the latest edition of Who’s Who,which listed the most notable people of the last century,Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed——51 0f whom Karsh had photographed.

As a master portraitist,often working in black and white.Karsh was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot’s composition just right,asking them questions and putting them at ease.In preparation,he read as much as he could about the sitters,but avoided having the idea beforehand of how he would photograph them.He sought, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967,to capture the “essential element which has made them great,” explaining,“All I know is that within every mall a secret is hidden,and as a photographer, it is my task to reveal it if I can.”

Karsh was born in America in 1908,and his uncle,George Nakash,brought him to John Garo,all outstanding photographer,to teach him in 1928.Four years later,Karsh set up his own studio in Ottawa.

In December of 1941,his memorable portrait of Winston Churchill brought Karsh into international fame.Canada’s Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for him to photograph Churchill following Churchill’s speech in the House of Commons.Not told,Churchill lit up a cigar, “Why was I not told of this?’’ Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and,when he didn’t,stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment,“Forgive me,Sir.”Churchill glowered (怒目而视) as the shot was taken,then permitted Karsh to take still another,;jokingly commenting,“You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed.” The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications all over the world.

Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio —— an 8-by-10 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw and the royal family.All these portraits fully illustrate Karsh’s ability.

小题1:What did Karsh seek to do most in working?

A.Capture the essence and greatness of the character.

B.Present the true and vivid expression of the subject.

C.Make the photograph more colorful and expressive.

D.Reveal the idea he has got in preparing for the shot.小题2:The underlined word “sitters”in Para 3 probably means __________ .

A.characters seated

B.subjects questioned

C.models photographed

D.photographs taken小题3:The last three paragraphs are mainly developed by __________ .

A.following time order

B.providing examples

C.making comparisons

D.giving causes and effects小题4:From the passage,we can learn that __________ .

A.Churchill was asked to stand still when Karsh took a photograph of him

B.Churchill’s portrait hanging in the House of Commons gave Karsh great fame

C.Karsh was listed as one of the 100 notables by Who’s Who in the last century

D.Karsh could skilfully adjust the subjects’ mood when photographing them

单项选择题