问题 单项选择题

阅读下列短文,完成文后五题。
语言学习,在某种语言单位中确定一词多义的一种切近意义,在一义多词的语言现象中选择恰当的词句,这显然是思维的功能。如果头脑加工的不是语言信息,那就要进行某种转换。如看图作文,思维对语言的选择性功能就更大,而且要更多的发挥创造性思维。
人们每天都要接触大量的语言,但输入大脑加工的只是一部分,其余的则视而不见,听而不闻。可见言语的接收,绝非仅由感官被动承担的任务,而有一个由大脑思维活动指挥的主动筛选过程。可见,言语的使用,直接体现着思维的选择性与创造性。
同时,思维内容还决定着语义。语义即语言的意义,一般指词、词组与句子所表达的意思。它是思维和语言关系中的核心问题。
首先,单词的普遍意义和特殊意义是统一的。单词离开具体的语句,仍保留着普遍的稳定的意义。单句进入具体的语句,就会获得特殊的意义。孤立的词的意义是“死”的,在语言学上称词汇意义,可以在词典里供任何人查阅。人们将孤立的单词用入句、段、文章,“死”的词汇意义就变成了“活”的结构意义。因此,古老的单词进入语句篇章,就从普遍意义向特殊意义发生转化。促成这种转化的正是思维内容和思维操作(主要是编码和解码)过程。比如要求学生翻译《海瑞传》,学生从工具书中查找生词,一个词的意义项有多种,为了再现作者原意,就要考查这个词在上下文中的特殊意义,最后确定一种恰当的意义。这就是思维操作。而考察上下文关系就是在一定语境中了解作者的思维内容。否则无法真正理解语义。同时,单词的普遍意义也是从特殊意义中概括出的;单词的一般思维内容则是在特殊思维内容的具体运用中体现出来的,是表达一般思维内容向表达特殊思维内容转化的结果。由此可见,对语义的理解和运用离不开思维,思维能力愈强,愈能通过一定语境,正确理解词句的特殊意义,可见语文教学与思维密不可分。

本文讨论的中心问题是

A.语言学习的重要性。

B.语言与思维的关系。

C.思维在语言学习中的重要作用。

D.理解词的“活”的意义离不开思维。

答案

参考答案:C

解析:A项没有涉及“思维”,而思维是本文的一个重要内容;B项表述笼统不具体;D项只是文中涉及的一个方面。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     MIT researchers and their colleagues are working tofind out whether energy from trees

can power a network ofsensors(传感器)to prevent spreading forest fires.

     What they learn could also raise the possibility of usingtrees as silent guards along the

nation's borders to discoverpotential threatssuchassmuggled (走私的 ) radioactivematerials.

     The U. S. Forest Service currently predicts and tracksfires with a variety of tools,

including remotc automatcdweather stations. But these stations arc expcnsive andsparsely

(稀疏地) distributed. Additionalsensors could savetrees by providing better local climate

data to be used in fireprediction models and earlier warnings. However,rechargingor

replacing batteries by hand at very hard-to-reach locationsmakes it impractical and costly.

     The new sensor system seeks to avoid this problem bydeveloping trees into a

self-sustaining power supply. Eachsensor is equipped with a battery that can be slowly

recharged using electricity produced by the tree. "A singletree doesn't generate a lot of

power, but over time thetrickle (细流 ) chargeaddsup, justlike '-', saidShuguang Zhang,

one of the researchers on the project andthe associate director of the MIT' s Center for

Biomedica}Engineering( CBE). "

      The system produces enough electricity to allow the temperature and humidity sensors

to wirelessly send outsignals four times a day,or immediately if there's a fire.Each signal

spreads from one sensor to another, until itreaches an existing weather station that sends

the data bysatellite to a forestry command center in Boise,Idaho. Scientists have long

known that trees can produceextremely small amounts of electricity. But no one knew

exactly how the energy was produced or how to takeadvantage of the power.

1. What are the disadvantages of the remote automatedweather stations?

a. They cost too much.

b. They are of poor quality.

c. They are not enough.

d. They can't reach remote places.

A. a,b

B. b,d

C. a,c

D. b,c

2. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in theblank?

A. Far water does not put out near fire.

B. All rivers run into sea.

C. Many a little makes a miracle.

D. It never rains but it pours.

3. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Preventing forest fires with tree power

B. Trees can produce electricity

C. Tree power in daily life

D. Developing new energy