问题 问答题

肠梗阻的临床表现是什么?有哪些症状?

 

答案

参考答案:

共同的临床表现是腹痛、呕吐、腹胀和停止排气排便,即痛、吐、胀、闭。 

(一)症状 

1.腹痛 

机械性肠梗阻多表现为阵发性绞痛,如腹痛发展为剧烈持续性腹痛,应警惕绞窄性肠梗阻的可能。 

麻痹性肠梗阻表现为持续性胀痛或不适。 

2.呕吐 

高位小肠梗阻呕吐出现较早,呕吐频繁,呕吐物主要为胃十二指肠内容物。 

低位小肠梗阻呕吐出现较晚,静止期较长,初为胃内容物,后期呕吐粪样肠内容物。 

结肠梗阻晚期方出现呕吐,呕吐物呈棕褐色或血性。 

3.腹胀 

高位小肠梗阻腹胀不明显,有时可见胃型。 

低位小肠梗阻及麻痹性肠梗阻腹胀显著,遍及全腹,可见肠型。 

4.排气排便停止 

完全性肠梗阻,表现为停止排气排便。 

(二)体征 

1.全身情况 

单纯性:晚期可因呕吐,脱水,电解质紊乱出现唇舌干燥、眼窝凹陷、皮肤弹性减退,脉搏细弱等。 

绞窄性:可出现全身中毒症状及休克。 

2.腹部查体 

视诊:腹部膨隆,可见肠型、蠕动波。 

触诊:单纯性肠梗阻可有轻度压痛,但无腹膜刺激征;绞窄性肠梗阻可有固定压痛和腹膜刺激征。 

叩诊:绞窄性肠梗阻时,移动性浊音可阳性。 

听诊:机械性肠梗阻时,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声或金属音;麻痹性肠梗阻时,肠鸣音减弱或消失。 

(三)辅助检查 

1.化验检查可出现血液浓缩表现,电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡。 

2.X线检查立位或侧卧位腹平片可见气胀肠袢和液平面。 

阅读理解

A farmer carelessly lost an expensive gold watch in the barn on the farm, where he searched for everywhere but failed.

So he put a notice on the gate of the farm: whoever finds the gold watch will be rewarded 100 dollars.

People tried their best to look for the watch in order to get the reward. However, the barn was too large and the straw in the barn was too thick,it was getting dark they were still unable to find it. So they give up the reward of 100 dollars one by one.

But only a small boy was still not discouraged but kept looking for it .He had nothing to eat throughout the day.In order to solve the family problem, he looked forward to finding the gold watch and let his parents,brothers and sisters have a full meal.

The night was already getting late,the boy was also tired. He was lying in the straw to have a rest when he heard a strange “tick--tock ”.

He immediately held his breath and listened carefully,and followed the sound. He found the watch and got the 100 dollars.

Like the gold watch in the barn,success has been around us and spread in every corner of life. Only when we are calm and firmly look for it ,we can find it.

小题1:If someone found the gold watch, what would the farmer offer him?

A.100 yuan

B.100 dollars

C.100 pounds

D.100 pence小题2:Why did the boy insist on looking for the gold watch?

A.Because he liked the gold watch..

B.Because he wanted to own the watch.

C.Because he was silly

D.Because he wanted to get the reward小题3:The passage above is probably taken from_________.

A.A newspaper

B.a science book

C.an advertisement

D.a notice小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.The boy had no brothers or sisters.

B.The boy’s family had a hard life.

C.It was easy for the boy to find the watch.

D.The farmer didn’t look for the watch for himself小题5: Of the following,which order is right according to the story?

① The boy succeeded in finding the gold watch

② The farmer offered the boy a reward of 100 dollars

③ A farmer lost a gold watch carelessly

④ Many people tried to find the watch,but they failed.

A.②①④③

B.④②③①

C.③④①②

D.①③④②

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