问题 问答题

女性,58岁,反复发作性右上腹绞痛3年,寒战、高热伴皮肤黄染1天。 患者3年前开始出现右上腹绞痛,多于进食油腻后引起,无发热及黄疸。近2年腹痛发作频繁,偶有寒战、发热,无黄疸。半年前右上腹绞痛,伴轻度皮肤黄染,尿色深,经输液治疗后缓解。1天前突感右上腹绞痛,伴寒战、高热,体温39℃,且皮肤巩膜黄染,急诊入院。 既往6年前因“胆囊结石、胆囊炎”行胆囊造瘘术,3月后切除胆囊,术后胆绞痛症状消失。无心脏、肾疾患,无肝炎或结核史。 查体:T39℃,P98次/分,BP140/80mmHg。神清合作,皮肤巩膜黄染,心肺未见异常。腹平坦,可见右肋缘下及上腹旁正中切口瘢痕,未见肠型及蠕动波,右上腹压痛,无肌紧张、反跳痛,未及肿物,肝脾未触及,肠鸣音可闻。 辅助检查:Hb150g/L,WBC29.7×109/L,总胆红素30μmol/L,直接胆红素24.9μmol/L,余肝功、电解质均在正常范围。

答案

参考答案:

分析步骤: 

1.初步诊断及诊断依据 

初步诊断:急性化脓性胆管炎 

肝外胆管结石 

诊断依据: 

(1)老年女性,慢性病程,反复发作,急性加重。 

(2)患者3年前开始反复于进食油腻后出现右上腹绞痛,逐渐加重伴寒战,发热,黄疸。突发右上腹痛,寒战,高热,黄疸1天。 

(3)既往胆囊切除术史。 

(4)查体T39℃,皮肤巩膜黄染,右上腹压痛。 

(5)辅助检查WBC明显升高,总胆红素升高,直接胆红素为主。 

2.鉴别诊断 

(1)急性黄疸性肝炎:起病多较缓和,无剧烈腹痛,寒战,高热,血胆红素升高以间接胆红素为主,血白细胞不高,肝功能多有明显异常,与本患者不符。可进一步完善肝脏CT,肝炎血清学检查,自身抗体检查以除外。 

(2)胆道下段肿瘤:多表现为进行性无痛性黄疸,而本患者间断发作腹痛,发热,黄疸,与本病不符。可完善B超、CT,必要时行MRCP以进一步除外。 

(3)医源性胆道损伤:胆道手术史可导致胆道损伤,但一般于术后不久即出现,患者手术后3年方出现相关表现,考虑可除外。 

3.进一步检查 

(1)血、尿常规,凝血功能,血气分析。 

(2)乙肝五项。 

(3)腹部B超 

(4)CT 

(5)MRCP 

4.治疗原则 

(1)补液抗感染,完善术前准备。 

(2)急诊开腹探查,胆总管切开探查、解除梗阻、通畅引流。

单项选择题
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Where is love How can we find love
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like "Paleolithic Man", "Neolithic. Man", etc. , neatly sum up the whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label "Legless Man". Histories of the time will go something like this: "in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. "
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s eye view of the world—or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: "I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see I saw the sea." The typical twentieth century traveler is the man who always says, "I’ve been there. " You mention the remotest, most evocative place names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say, "I’ve been there"—meaning, "I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. "
When you travel at high speed, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on toot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.

Travelling at high speed means

A.people’s focus on the future
B.a pleasure
C.satisfying drivers’ great thrill
D.a necessity of life