问题 问答题

张力性气胸的临床表现和治疗原则。

答案

参考答案:

胸壁、肺、支气管或食管上的创口呈单向活瓣,与胸膜腔相交通,吸气时活瓣开放,空气进入胸膜腔,呼气时活瓣关闭,空气不能从胸膜腔排出,因此随着呼吸,伤侧胸膜腔内压力不断增高,以致超过大气压,形成张力性气胸。病人常表现有严重呼吸困难、紫绀,伤侧胸部叩诊为高度鼓音,听诊呼吸音消失。若用注射器在第2或第3肋间穿刺,针栓可被空气顶出。这些均具有确诊价值。另外,检查时可发现脉搏细弱,血压下降,气管显著向健侧偏移,伤侧胸壁饱满,肋间隙变平,呼吸动度明显减弱。并可发现胸部、颈部和上腹部有皮下气肿,扪之有捻发音,严重时皮下气肿可扩展至面部、腹部、阴囊及四肢。 

张力性气胸的急救在于迅速行胸腔排气解压。

材料题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

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