问题 问答题

张某:男,28岁。 初诊日期:一九八二年九月十五日。体质素弱,一个月前,又正值酷暑夏月,天气闷热,室外露宿,次日便开始发热,头痛身重,脘腹发胀,半曰后,开始恶心腹痛,接着频发呕吐及泄泻,泻下急迫不爽,粪便黄褐而臭,肛门坠胀,自服黄连素数片后,吐泻渐止。由于工作繁忙,未到医院进一步检查洽疗,自此以后,一个月来,经常腹痛隐隐,大便转为时溏时泻,尤其稍进油腻之物,溏泄立即加重,饮食减少,疲乏无力。一周前曾赴某院中医科治疗。医者投以芍药汤三剂,药后溏泄次数虽然减少,但却每于黎明之前,腹痛作泻,泻后痛安,但肛门坠痛难忍,不思饮食,逐日加重,故病来诊治。 望其面色晦暗,形体消瘦,舌淡、苔白。患者诉其腰膝酸痛、身寒肢冷。诊六脉皆属沉细无力。经调治两周后,病者溏泄皆止,饮食渐复,病情告愈。 病例分析要求: ①患者初期为何病?试述病因病机? ②自服黄连素后,泻虽止但又转为何病?服芍药汤为何无效? ③病情后期,应诊为何病?能使其治愈的正确治法、方剂是什么。

答案

参考答案:

分析关注点 

①患者初期诊断为暑湿泄泻。其病因病机为:酷暑夏月,室外露宿,感受暑湿,困阻脾阳,水食相杂而下,发为泄泻。 

②病人是由暑湿所致泄泻,黄连素虽有消炎止泻之力,但却无退湿之功。加之平素体质较弱,脾胃为后天之本,今湿邪入里困脾,使脾虚胃弱,气血生化之源不足,因此,泄泻是由暑湿作泻转为脾虚泄泻。某医者,以芍药汤治之,显系误治。因芍药汤是治疗湿热痢疾的方剂,方中用黄连、黄芩苦寒清热、解毒化湿;用大黄苦寒泻实热积滞。这对实证、热证的痢疾来说,用之方为恰当。但把这些苦寒之品,用来治脾虚泄泻,会伐伤胃气,犯虚虚实实之戎。因而,以芍药汤治之,不仅无效,反使病情加重。 

③病者所患泄泻,先后由于失治、误治,不仅脾阳虚衰,同时也导致肾阳曰虚,黎明之前,洞泄不止。所以,病情后期诊断为:五更泄泻:五更泄泻正确治法是:温肾健脾,固涩止泻。方剂应以四神丸为基础,适当加入温阳益气之品,便可收效。 

阅读理解

 “BANG!” the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with father standing on one side, and I on the other side.

We were both in great anger. “Never set foot in this house again!” stormed father. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.The street lights were shining, causing rather sad-feeling. I walked around aimlessly.

A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree.

But now … I don’t know whether it is because I have grown up or because dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. He always put his opinions of behavior on me. Whenever I do something wrong, he never admits(容许) it. We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened.

I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind. My heart was frozen on this hot summer night. As I walked on there were fewer and fewer people on the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the high-rise apartment block in which I lived, I saw that the light was still on.

I thought to myself: “Is father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me?”

In fact, it was nothing. Perhaps, dad was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were useless. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked collecting stamps.      

All the lights were off except father’s.

Dad was always like this. Maybe he didn’t know how to express himself. After shouting at me, he never showed any moments of regret. However, after an argument he has the habit of tucking me underneath the covers (掖被子) while I am sleeping.

This was how he always was.He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature.

The light was still on. “Am I wrong?” I whispered, maybe… With the key in hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door tears ran down my face. I suddenly realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love—it’s second to none!

小题1:Decide which is the best order of the following according to what happened in the passage.

a. I opened the door and entered the house.

b. Sadly I ran out into the street.

c. I reached the place where I lived and saw my house still brightly lit.

d. I thought of my father’s kindness towards me.

e. I walked about in the street without any aim.

A.b-e-d-c-a

B.b-e-c-d-a

C.b-e-a-c-d

D.b-e-c-a-d小题2:What made the writer think of his childhood?

A.The sight of the street lights.

B.The sight of the empty street.

C.The sight of a father with a child in his arms.

D.The sight of light in his own house.小题3:What can we infer about the reason why the father often shouts at his son?

A.The father is getting older and older.

B.The son has more fashionable opinions than his father.

C.They usually disagree with each other.

D.The father has got used to being a leader for long.小题4:What conclusion(结论)can be drawn after reading the passage?

A.The father treats his son in an unfair way.

B.The father is actually kind to his son.

C.The father is neither kind nor cruel to his son.

D.The father is always finding mistakes with his son.小题5:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The Generation Gap

B.ASleepless Summer Night

C.An Iron Doorinside

D.Father’s Love

填空题