问题 实验题

某兴趣小组设计出下图所示装置来改进教材中“铜与硝酸反应”实验,以探究化学实验的绿色化。

(1)实验前,关闭活塞b,试管d中加水至浸没长导管口,塞紧试管c和d的胶塞,加热c,其目的是________________________________。

(2)在d中加适量NaOH溶液,c中放一小块铜片,由分液漏斗a向c中加入2mL浓硝酸,c中反应的化学方程式是______________________________。再由a向c中加2mL蒸馏水,c中的实验现象是_______________________________。

(3)下表是制取硝酸铜的三种方案,能体现绿色化学理念的最佳方案是_____________,理由是_____________________________________。

(4)该小组同学向d中加入KBr溶液,c中加入固体KMnO4,由a向c中加入浓盐酸。观察到的实验现象是________________________;该小组同学实验目的是_________________,但此实验的不足之处是_____________________________。

答案

(1)检查装置气密性(2)Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO32+2NO2↑+2H2O;反应变缓,气体颜色变淡(3)丙;耗酸量最少,无污染(4)c中有黄绿色气体产生,d中溶液变为黄棕色;证明氧化性KMnO4>Cl2>Br2;没有处理尾气

题目分析:(1)因实验前要检查装置气密性,这是检查装置气密性的常见方法,故答案为:检查装置气密性;(2)因铜与浓硝酸反应:Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO32+2NO2↑+2H2O,由a向c中加2mL蒸馏水,硝酸进行的稀释,反应变缓,同时因二氧化氮能与水反应:3NO2+2H2O=2HNO3+NO,c中气体颜色变浅,故答案为:Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO32+2NO2↑+2H2O;反应变缓,气体颜色变淡;(3)铜与浓硝酸制取硝酸铜时的方程式是:Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO32+2NO2↑+2H2O,生成的NO2会造成大气污染,硝酸的利用率为1/2;铜与稀硝酸制取硝酸铜时的方程式是:3Cu+8HNO3(稀)=3Cu(NO32+2NO↑+4H2O,生成的NO也会造成大气污染,硝酸的利用率为3/4;此过程用方程式可表示为:2Cu+O2 2CuO,CuO+2HNO3=Cu(NO32+H2O,从过程可以看出该过程不会产生有毒气体,环保且没有多消耗原料,故答案为:丙;耗酸量最少,无污染;(4)根据氧化还原反应中氧化剂的氧化性大于氧化产物的氧化性,利用KMnO4与浓盐酸反应:2KMnO4KMnO4+16HCl=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O,说明KMnO4氧化性强于Cl2,再利用产生的氯气与KBr溶液反应得到溴:Cl2+2KBr=2KCl+Br2,说明Cl2氧化性强于Br2,所以c中有黄绿色气体产生,d中溶液变为黄棕色,同时要注意尾气吸收,故答案为:c中有黄绿色气体产生,d中溶液变为黄棕色;证明氧化性KMnO4>Cl2>Br2;没有处理尾气。

完形填空

The world is divided (分) into two parts. One half of the world is rich and         is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people have never got enough to eat. When they are ill,        the hospitals can receive them because they have no enough           . In the rich part, a lot of people          too much. For example, a dog or a cat in North America eats more than a child in poor countries.

The poor countries have some other difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow           on. People there don’t have rich land or enough water. The land can be made better, but a lot of things must be done. The people         be taught and water must be found.

But rich countries have problems. too. There’re not good places to         . Sometimes the air is not clean and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or drink. The roads and streets are full of people and buses. Cars and buses have to move         . Noise is too much. Some people don’t have houses. People must do something about the problems.

People must clean the air and the rivers, and they must         them clean. People have to build more houses.        we can’t do these things easily.

小题1:

A.others

B.the others

C.another

D.the other

小题2:

A.none of

B.all of

C.some of

D.any of

小题3:

A.beds

B.medicine

C.time

D.money

小题4:

A.drink

B.exercise

C.eat

D.sleep

小题5:

A.everything

B.something

C.nothing

D.anything

小题6:

A.can

B.needn’t

C.must

D.may not

小题7:

A.stay

B.sleep

C.sit

D.live in

小题8:

A.fast

B.quickly

C.slowly

D.easily

小题9:

A.make

B.keep

C.become

D.do

小题10:

A.And

B.So

C.But

D.Because

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