问题 问答题 案例分析题

阐述当患者(成人)在使用青霉素肌内注射2天后突然出现过敏性休克时,护士应如何正确处置?

答案

参考答案:

一旦患者发生了过敏性休克应立即采取急救措施:①立即停药,使患者就地平卧。②立即皮下注射0.1%盐酸肾上腺素0.5~1ml,如症状不缓解,可每隔30分钟皮下或静脉注射该药0.5ml。③氧气吸入:给予氧气吸入;呼吸抑制时,行人工呼吸,注射呼吸兴奋剂;喉头水肿影响呼吸时,配合医生施行气管切开术。④抗过敏:根据医嘱给予地塞米松5~10mg或氢化可的松20mg,加入5%或10%葡萄糖溶液500ml中静脉滴注。并根据病情给予升压药,如多巴胺、间羟胺等。⑤纠正酸中毒和遵医嘱给予抗组胺类药物。⑥如发生心脏骤停,立即行心肺复苏。⑦密切观察患者生命体征、尿量及其他病情变化,注意保暖,并做好病情动态记录。患者未脱离危险前不宜搬动。

阅读理解

Like most Oregonians, Stephanie McRae was used to driving in bad weather. Although rain still beat the window of her car, the worst of the day’s storm seemed to have passed as she drove her 11-year-old daughter, Maggie, home from a church at 8:30 p.m. Two little children sat into their car seats in back.

When crossing over Fawcett Creek (小河), McRae found the road just ahead had been washed away. The storm had turned Fawcett Creek into a 100-feet-wide river. Water began to go into the car and the four of them had to climb onto the car’s roof. The car was floating about and was being swept toward the Tillamook River only a few miles ahead. Suddenly it stopped when hitting a logjam (浮木阻塞).The water swept over them, rising higher and higher. Stephanie screamed into the rainy night, almost crying.

“Mom, I have to go and get help,” her 11-year-old daughter Maggie cried.

Stephanie realized if she went by herself, Maggie couldn’t hold on to the other two babies. But Maggie was still recovering from foot surgery. How could she manage? Finally she shouted, “I’m proud of you. Be careful!”

As Maggie McRae struggled to reach the shore, she was all wet. The sixth grader started running to the nearest house. Inside, the neighbors immediately called 911 and were told that firefighters were making their way toward another trapped car. Maggie joined the neighbors, and helped the rescue team point out where her mother was. The firefighters saved McRae and her children by using a 35-foot-long ladder.

When Stephanie reached land in safety, Maggie raced into her mother’s arms. “She hugged me for five minutes,” Maggie remembers. Maggie accepted an award for her heroism, but she’s happier to get back to her sports team and her family. 

小题1:What can we infer from the passage?

A.Without the logjam, McRae’s car would have been swept into the Tillamook River.

B.The rain became heavier when McRae drove home.

C.McRae’s car was the only vehicle that was blocked in the Fawcett Creek that night.

D.Most of the time the weather in Oregon is quite good.小题2:Stephanie McRae’s screaming on the car’s roof suggested that she felt ______.

A.surprised

B.helpless

C.disappointed

D.careless小题3:According to the passage, we can infer that Maggie ______.

A.was strong enough to hold the two children in the water

B.tried to swim to the bank in order to get help

C.stopped her sports activities due to her foot injury

D.rescued her family using a ladder小题4:Which of the following is in the correct order of events?

①Firefighters rescued McRae and her children from the river.

②Firefighters were sent to the broken road.

③The neighbors Maggie found called 911.

④The rescue team had got informed of the trouble at Fawcett Creek.

⑤Another trapped car was found in the river by the firefighters.

A.④②③⑤①

B.④③②①⑤

C.③④②①⑤

D.③④②⑤①小题5:What is the passage mainly about?

A.A heavy storm that damaged a road and killed lots of drivers.

B.A brave young girl who helped save her family from flood.

C.Firefighters who rescued a family late at night from flood.

D.Great neighbors who saved people swept away into a river.

判断题