问题 填空题

在一个密闭的容器中有A、B、C、D四种质,在一定条件下(有催化剂)充分反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量如下:

物质ABCD
反应前质量/g12749
反应后质量/gX2209
(1)写出该反应的表达式(用四种物质的代号A、B、C、D)______;

(2)此反应的基本类型为______;

(3)参加反应的物质的总质量为______g;

(4)X的值为______.

答案

(1)根据质量守恒定律,由表中数据可知:D的质量不变,可确定D可能是催化剂;B的质量减少了27g-2g=25g,可确定B是反应物;C的质量增加了20g-4g=16g<25g,可确定A、C都是生成物,因此该反应的化学方程式为B

D
A+C或B→A+C;

(2)由上分析,该反应是由一种物质生成两种物质,符合分解反应的概念,因此该反应的基本类型是分解反应.

(3)经上分析可知只有B的质量减少了25g,因此参加反应的物质的总质量为25g.

(4)根据质量守恒定律中的物质质量守恒可知:参加反应的B的质量等于生成的A和C的质量总和,因此生成A的质量=25g-16g=9g;X的质量值应为原有A的质量与生成A的质量总和,因此X的值为1g+9g=10g.

故答案为:(1)B

D
A+C或B→A+C;(2)分解反应;(3)25;(4)10.

阅读理解
任务型阅读。阅读下列短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。(每空一词)
       In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were not many people
on earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.
       Today, things are different. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too
quickly, and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue like
this, human life on earth will not survive. 
       Everyone realizes today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with
modern fishing methods, more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests
will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we continue to use bigger and more powerful machines to
cut down more and more trees.
       We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. However, in most
countries waste products are still put into rivers or into the sea, and there are few laws to stop this.
       We know, too, that if the population of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there
will not be enough food.
       What can we do to solve these problems?
       If we eat more vegetables and less meat, we will easily get more food. Land that is used to grow crops can
feed five times more people than land where animals are kept.
       The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.
       Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner living place in
the future.
The importance of protecting the environment
Problems
◆ More fish being caught.
◆ More    1    being cut down. 
◆ More waste products being put into rivers.
◆ More    2    being born.
Causes
◆ The world is becoming too    3   .
◆ Modern methods make the situation worse .
Result
We human beings will not survive on the earth.
Solutions
◆ Eat more vegetables and less meat so that more food will be available for everyone.
◆ Use modern methods of    4    control so that the population will not grow too fast.
◆ Educate people so that the    5   will be better and cleaner.
1.                    2.                   3.                   4.                   5.             
口语交际,情景问答题