问题 填空题

氨气在工农业生产中有重要应用。

(1)①氮气用于工业合成氨,写出氮气的电子式       

②NH3的稳定性比PH3       (填写“强”或“弱”)。

(2)如下图所示,向NaOH固体上滴几滴浓氨水,迅速盖上盖,观察现象。

①浓盐酸液滴附近会出现白烟,发生反应的化学方程式为      

②浓硫酸液滴上方没有明显现象,一段时间后浓硫酸的液滴中有白色固体,该固体可能是             (写化学式,一种即可)。

③FeSO4液滴中先出现灰绿色沉淀,过一段时间后变成红褐色,发生的反应包括

Fe2++2NH3·H2O=Fe(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+                             

(3)空气吹脱法是目前消除NH3对水体污染的重要方法。在一定条件下,向水体中加入适量NaOH可使NH3的脱除率增大,用平衡移动原理解释其原因      

(4)在微生物作用下,蛋白质在水中分解产生的氨能够被氧气氧化生成亚硝酸(HNO2),反应的化学方程式为    ,若反应中有0.3 mol电子发生转移时,生成亚硝酸的质量为      g(小数点后保留两位有效数字)。

答案

(1)①(1分)             ②强(1分)

(2)①NH3+HCl=NH4Cl(1分)   ②NH4HSO4或(NH4)2SO4(1分)

③4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3(2分)

(3)氨在水中存在平衡:NH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH4+ +OH-(1分,写成NH3+H2ONH4+ +OH-不扣分),加入NaOH后OH-浓度增大平衡逆向移动(1分),故有利于氨的脱除(2分)

(4)2NH3+3O2=2HNO2+2H2O(2分,不写微生物不扣分)   2.35 g(2分)

题目分析:(1)①氮分子内两N原子间形成3对共用电子,电子数为:

②N元素非金属性强于P元素,所以NH3的稳定性比PH3强。

(2)①浓盐酸挥发出的HCl与浓氨水挥发出的NH3反应,生成的白烟为NH4Cl,化学方程式为:NH3+HCl=NH4Cl。

②浓氨水挥发出的NH3,进入浓硫酸与硫酸反应生成:NH4HSO4或(NH4)2SO4

③最终变为红褐色是生成了Fe(OH)3,化学方程式为:4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3

(3)NH3•H2O为弱碱,存在电离平衡:NH3+H2O NH3•H2ONH4++OH‾,加入NaOH后,增加了OH‾浓度,使平衡向逆反应方向移动,有利于氨的脱除。

(4)NH3和O2反应生成亚硝酸和水,配平可得化学方程式:2NH3+3O22HNO2+2H2O;根据化合价的变化可知:6×n(HNO2)=0.3mol,n(HNO2)=0.05mol,则m(HNO2)=2.35g。

单项选择题
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1.According to the text, the latest and longest novel is________.

A. Room  
B. Solar
C. One Day  
D. Fall of Giants

2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A. Ian McEwan once won the Nobel Prize.
B. Fall of Giants is mostly set in wars.
C. One Day is written by David Nicholls.
D. Solar is a funny story about a physicist.

3. We can know from the text that________.

A. the main character of Room has a wide range of knowledge
B. Solar is the only book that Ian McEwan has ever written
C. all the four books were not published in the same month
D. One Day is a funny romantic comedy that sells very well

4. We can infer from the passage that________.

A. the sixth of Ian McEwan's marriages broke
B. Room by Emma Donoghue has a happy ending
C. the publisher of One Day is Little Brown
D. Dutton and Ken Follett are both publishers