问题 实验题

某化学课外活动小组在实验室设计了如图所示的实验装置,进行“氨的催化氧化”实验。

(1)A处是气体发生装置,A中所用的试剂只能从下列物质中选取:

①硝酸铵;②碳酸铵;③碳酸氢铵;④氯化铵;⑤熟石灰;⑥氢氧化钠。

若A中制取气体时只用了一种药品,则该药品可以是_________(填选项编号),在只用一种药品制取氨气时,图中空白处所需仪器应为_________ (选填下列仪器编号,固定装置省略)。

(2)该装置补充完整后,仍然存在一定的缺陷,试从安全与环保的角度来考虑,对该装置进行改进:

①_______________________________________________________________;

②_______________________________________________________________。

(3)按照改进后的装置进行实验,请完成以下问题:

①装置B的作用是__________________________________________________;

②写出C中发生反应的化学方程式: ________________________________;

③若A、B处试剂足量,则装置D中可以观察到的实验现象有_________________。

答案

(1)②或③   e、f、g、h

(2)①在装置C与D之间增加一个防倒吸装置

②在D后增加一个尾气吸收装置

(3)①吸收CO2和水蒸气,并生成O2

③铜片逐渐减少直至溶解,溶液变蓝色,生成无色气体并在广口瓶上方变成红棕色

(1)实验目的是进行“氨的催化氧化”实验,故A、B装置是用来制取NH3和O2的。根据制取NH3只用一种药品和制取NH3的同时必须产生能与Na2O2反应生成O2的物质的要求,选用碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵。选用给固体物质加热所需要的仪器e、f、g、h。

(2)从安全和环保的角度来考虑,应该在C、D之间增加一个防倒吸装置,在D后增加一个尾气吸收装置。因为从C中导出的气体主要是NO2,NO2与水反应生成稀硝酸和NO,易倒吸,且尾气对环境有污染。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,完成1—4题。

【甲文】风烟俱净,天山共色。从流飘荡,任意东西。自富阳至桐庐,一百许里,奇山异水,天下独绝。

       水皆缥碧,千丈见底。游鱼细石,直视无碍。急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔。夹岸高山,皆生寒树。负势竞上,互相轩邈;争高直指,千百成峰。泉水激石,泠泠作响;好鸟相鸣,嘤嘤成韵。蝉则千转不穷,猿则百叫无绝。鸢飞戾天者,望峰息心;经纶世务者,窥谷忘反。横柯上蔽,在昼犹昏;疏条交映,有时见日。(《与朱元思书》——吴均【南北朝】)

【注释】 ①缥碧:青白色。②轩:高。邈:远。③发出泠泠的清响。④转:通“啭”,鸟叫声。⑤戾:

至。⑥经纶:筹划。⑦窥:看。反:通“返”。

【乙文】自三峡七百里中,两岸连山,略无阙处。重岩垒嶂,隐天蔽日。自非亭午夜分,不见曦月。

       至于夏水襄陵,沿溯阻绝。或王命急宣,有时朝发白帝,暮到江陵,其间千二百里,虽乘奔御风,不以疾也。

       春冬之时,则素湍绿潭,回清倒影。绝谳多生怪柏,悬泉瀑布,飞漱其间。清荣峻茂,良多趣味。

       每至晴初霜旦,林寒涧肃,常有高猿长啸,属引凄异,空谷传响,哀转久绝。故渔者歌曰:“巴东三峡巫峡长,猿鸣三声泪沾裳!”(《三峡》——郦道元)

1.解释下列语句中加横线词的意思。

     ①猛浪若 奔:                  

     ②急甚箭 湍:                  

     ③蝉则千转不 穷:                 

     ④横柯上 蔽:                   

2.翻译下面的句子。

     负势竞上,互相轩邈。

     翻译:                                                                         

3.从听觉方面描写景物的对偶句是                                           。

4.甲乙两文分别表现了作者怎样的情感态度?

     甲文:                                                                                                                         

     乙文:                                                                                                                         

完形填空

阅读表达(71题2分,其余各题每题3分,满分20分)请将答案写在答题纸上。

[1]Do you have a sweet tooth? According to a recent report by the research organization NPD Group , Americans are cutting back on sugary foods and drinks , Today, on average ,kids are eating and drinking sugary sweets 126 times less than they did in1998

[2]”This change is about the farnily”NPD Group has been surveying households across the United States about       , The study includes,5,000 people from 2,000 households, Families taking part in the survey keep a journal of their daily diets for two weeks.

[3]Since March lst, 1980,the NPD Group has been surveying households across the United States about       , The study includes,5,000 people from 2,000 households, Families taking part in the survey keep a journal of their daily diets for two weeks.

[4]The study shows that a large percentage of Americans still satisfy their sweet geeth, but in smaller amounts, It also shows that nearly 98% of the adults and chidren surveyed still have at least one sweet ,but only every two weeks ,Kids today ate dating cookies 8 times less than they less than they did in 1998, and drinking fruit juice 16 times less.

[5]According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of lbese kids aged 6 to 19 tripled in the USA between 1980 and 2000, About 9 million children were much too overweight , Today, obesity rates are not falling , but they aren’t growing ,either, “There’s the movement upward, the leveling off ,and the drop Right now we’re at the leveling off point”

[6]Schools nationwide are doing their part to put childhood obesity on a downward trend, Fried food has disappeared from many cafeteria menus, Whole-wheat bread has replaced white bread , Water and low-fat milk have replaced sugary drinks such as fruit punch, sports drinks and soda, Many schools have also banned junk food and now require healthier snack options in their vending machines, These efforts, both at home and in school, are slowly putting kids on the right track for healthy eating habits.

小题1:What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?(no more than 15 words)

                                                                                   

小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words to complete the sentence(no more than 5 words)

                                                                                   

小题3:Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph4.

                                                                                   

小题4:According to the study, how often do almost 98% of the adults and children surveyed have a sweet?(no more than 10 words)

                                                                                   

小题5:What do we know about today’s obesity rates in America?(no more than 8 words)

                                                                                   

小题6:What does the underlined word“alter”mean in paragraph2?(no more than I word)

                                                                                   

小题7:List three things that people do in order to put kids on the right track for healthy eating habits.

a、                                                                                   

b、                                                                                   

c、