问题 实验题

根据右图回答问题:

(1)表示呼气状态的是      图。

(2)当外界气体通过A时,变得         、和    ,但这种处理能力是有限的,所以我们

要保证环境的             。

(3)吸气时〔D〕处于     状态,膈顶     ,使胸腔容积     ,肺内气压     ,于是外界

气体通过〔 A 〕       进入〔   〕      

答案

( 1 ) 甲    (2)温暖   湿润   清洁    新鲜和洁净    

(3)舒张  下降    扩大    减小   呼吸道    [ B ] 肺

题目分析:图甲、乙表示“膈的运动与呼吸的关系”示意图,图中的A代表气管,B代表肺,C代表胸廓,D代表膈肌,从图中可以看出:图甲中的D膈顶部上升,B肺处于收缩状态,而图乙中的D膈顶部下降,B肺处于舒张状态,这说明甲图表示的呼气,乙图表示的是吸气,则从甲状态向乙状态转换时,是正在吸气,呼吸系统包括呼吸道和肺两部分,呼吸道的组成由上到下依次是鼻腔、咽、喉、气管和支气管,鼻腔内有鼻毛,可以阻挡灰尘,呼吸道都有骨或软骨做支架,其内表面覆盖着黏膜,黏膜内还分布有丰富的毛细血管,这些特点既保证了气体的畅通,又对吸入的空气具有清洁、温暖和湿润的作用。

点评:此题为基础题,难度一般,解答此类题目的关键是掌握吸气呼吸时膈肌胸廓肺的状态。

阅读理解

One day, a farmer was walking along a road with his son Thomas. The father said, "Look! There's a horseshoe .Pick it up and put it in your bag.” Thomas said, "It isn't worth the trouble." His father said nothing but he picked it up himself. When they got to a nearby town, they had a rest. There the farmer sold the horseshoe and with the few pennies he bought some cherries(樱桃).

The father and the son continued their way. The sun was well up in the sky, and there wasn't a house or even a tree where they could have a rest. Thomas felt too thirsty to walk on. At this time, his father dropped a cherry on the ground and Thomas picked it up quickly and ate it. After a while, his father dropped another cherry and once again, his son lost no time in picking it up and putting it in his mouth.

And so they went on. The old farmer dropped the cherries and the son picked them up .When Thomas had eaten up all the cherries ,his father said to him "My dear son ,if you had bent (弯腰)down early to pick up that horseshoe, it would not have been necessary for you to bend so many times for the cherries. Always remember the lesson that he who does not worry about the little things will find that he cannot do the great things."

根据短文内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳答案。(10分)

小题1:Who picked up the horseshoe at last?

A.The son.

B.The father.

C.Both the father and the son.

D.Neither the father nor the son.小题2:The farmer bought ___  with the money after he sold the horseshoe.

A.some bread

B.some water

C.some cherries

D.some pennies小题3:When the son refused to pick up the horseshoe, the father___   .

A.beat the son

B.said nothing

C.felt vary happy

D.became very angry小题4:The father dropped the cherries one by one, because___    .

A.he wanted to teach his son a lesson

B.he wanted his son to do more exercise

C.he wanted his son to eat them all

D.he wanted to laugh at his son小题5:From the story, we can learn that___    .

A.cherries are so delicious that most of us like to eat them

B.a horseshoe is so expensive that it can bring us a lot of money

C.if we want to eat cherries ,we must pick up a horseshoe

D.if we don't worry about the little things, we cannot do the great things

多项选择题