问题 问答题

某企业2001~2003年各季度实际销售量数据见下表。

表1-21

(1)根据上表中数据计算季节比率,预测2004年各季度销量。

(2)利用季节指数趋势法预测2004年各季度销量。

答案

参考答案:

问题(1):表1-8

2003年季平均销量为5.6万件,可推算2004年1季度销量预测值为4万件(5.6×0.83)。同理可知2、3、4季度预测销量为4.93万件、6.42万件、3.38万件。

问题(2): 表1-9

表1-10

注;Ft为调节比率。

Mt=3.73,M8=5.65

由以上计算可知,利用指数趋势法预测2004年各季度产量依次为:7.45万件,8.83万件,11.2万件。

问题(3):

延伸预测法是在预测过程中变量的基本条件保持不变,数据可以由过去延续到未来,发展过程是渐变的。它包括简单移动平均法,指数平滑法,成长曲线模型法,季节波动模型法。移动平均法只适用于短期预测,方法简单易行,只是在处理水平型历史数据才有效。指数平滑法适用于市场观测呈水平波动。无明显上升或下降趋势情况下的预测。成长曲线模型法是按照产品生命周期理论,产品市场划分导入期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段的前提下,利用成长曲线数学模型进行预测。季节波动模型法是在市场需求由于相关因素作用,随着季节转变而呈现周期性,在每年重复出现相同时期的相同变化方向和大致相同的变化幅度条件下采用的预测方法。

解析:

[解题思路]

季节指数趋势法是时间序列数列预测的重要方法,也是考试中的重要题型。解题时,首先注意各种符号的涵义,如yt,Mt,[*],fi,Fi,a,b。其次应注意时间序列数据求解过程对应数据的变化,例如四项移动平均对应均值个数应为原始数列数据个数减去4。还需注意季节指数与季节比率间相互关系。

阅读理解

The winds had finally died down,and the rains stopped.Paige and her parents were inside their house,sitting in the living room,which was dark except for a single candlelight.

“Let’s find out what’s going on outside,”Paige’s mom suggested as she turned on the small radio.

“…has moved out of the area,”an announcer’s voice boomed. “Winds reaching nearly 100 miles an hour passed through our town this morning. But,the worst is over,and it is safe to go outside.In fact,the sun is now peeking out from behind the…”

Suddenly,the radio went dead.The house was quiet again.

“Well,”Paige’s dad said, “at least we heard some good news,even if it was cut short.Let’s look out of the window and survey the damage.”

Paige ran to the window and looked outside.She saw tree branches lie on the lawn.The mailbox was broken,and some of the address letters and numbers on the mailbox were missing.

“The wind must have ripped(擦)them off,” Paige’s father noted.As he read the remaining letters he began to laugh.

The mailbox dispalyed “_ _RAIN.”

“It says “rain”,”Paige said. “That’s appropriate for a day like today!”

小题1:The weather event that took place that day in the story was        .

A.an earthquake

B.a hurricane

C.a flood

D.a fire小题2:The living room was dark because           .

A.there were no lamps

B.someone forgot to pay the electric bill

C.the electricity had been cut off

D.the wind blew out the candle小题3:After the storm had passed,Paige’s family felt           .

A.worried

B.disappointed

C.relieved

D.scared小题4:The family’s last name could have been          .

A.Germain

B.Crain

C.Syrain

D.Rain

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