问题 问答题

阅读下列短文,回答有关问题:

被封闭的液体有一个重要特点,即加在被封闭液体上的压强能被液体大小不变地向各个方向传递.这个规律被称为帕斯卡原理.帕斯卡原理是液压机的工作基础.

(1)如图是液压机的工作原理图,小活塞和大活塞的面积分别为S1和S2,当用力F1向下压小活塞时,小活塞下方液体受到的外加压强为F1/S1,此时大活塞受到液体的压强为多大?大活塞受到液体的压力F2为多大?

(2)在不增加作用在小活塞上的力的前提下,如何实现使大活塞一端举起更重物体的目的?(至少答出两种具体的方法)

答案

(1)如图,小活塞下方液体受到的外加压强:

p1=

F1
S1

∵p1=p2(帕斯卡原理),

∴大活塞受到液体的压强:p2=

F1
S1

又∵p2=

F2
S2

∴大活塞受到液体的压力:F2=

F1S2
S1

(2)由大活塞受到液体的压力F2=

F1S2
S1
可知,在不增加作用在小活塞上的力的前提下,为举起更重的物体,采取的办法:

①减小小活塞的面积S1,②增大大活塞的面积S2

答:(1)大活塞所受压强为

F1
S1
,大活塞所受压力为
F1S2
S1

(2)减小小活塞的面积S1;增大大活塞的面积S2

完形填空
完形填空。
     The first people I saw as soon as I came back from my holiday was my grandfather. He   1   the front
door for me and stood there, looking at me up and down in great   2  . "What's the matter with you?" He
asked. I was hungry, dirty and tired   3   my journey. "I have been   4   on the Balkan Express (巴尔干快车)",
I answered quickly. "And I haven't eaten anything for over ten   5  . As I didn't get a seat, I had to   6   most
of my time in the corridor (走廊) where I was nearly stepped to death."
     "The Balkan Express!" my grandfather got excited." When I was a young man, that was a   7   train.
There was dinning -car and you could   8   some of the best food and wines in Europe. I can even   9   a
time when a band played during the mealtime. So I still speaking highly of (高度赞扬) it and I'm  10  of it,
too." He stopped for a while and went on saying" The  11  Balkan Express was the very best." "Time have
changed,grandfather,"Isaid  12 , "They've changed for the  13 ."
     After he knew what had happened to me, he  14  with me. Then he asked me to take a nice hot bath
before I could get  15  warm and nice to eat.
( )1. A. closed       
( )2. A. surprise     
( )3. A. until        
( )4. A. working     
( )5. A. days        
( )6. A. spend      
( )7. A. strange     
( )8. A. get        
( )9. A. relax        
( )10. A. afraid      
( )11. A. young        
( )12. A. happily     
( )13. A. larger      
( )14. A. checked     
( )15. A. something                
B. opened               
B. trouble              
B. after                  
B. waiting                
B. hours                     
B. pay              
B. dangerous               
B. make                
B. return                        
B. proud                   
B. useful       
B. sadly                
B. better                
B. celebrated            
B. anything          
C. packed           
C. thought           
C. before        
C .traveling         
C. weeks                
C. cost         
C. wonderful                            
C. cook          
C. remember              
C. sure               
C. old            
C. luckily           
C. worse                
C. agreed     
C. nothing       
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