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问题 问答题

现有一瓶无色、有特殊气味的液体，是甲醇（CH3OH）或乙醇（C2H5OH）．通过测定该液体充分燃烧后生成的二氧化碳和水的质量可确定是哪种物质，解释原理．

答案

反应后生成了二氧化碳和水，则根据质量守恒定律，化学反应前后元素的种类质量不变，则反应物中一定含有C、H元素；

已知生成的二氧化碳和水的质量，则根据二氧化碳和水的质量，利用某元素的质量=化合物的质量×该元素的质量分数可求出碳元素和氢元素的质量比；

再根据碳元素和氢元素的质量比即可求得碳元素与氢元素的原子个数比；最后与反应前甲醇和乙醇中的碳氢个数比对照，即可知道是哪种物质．

单项选择题 案例分析题

一般情况下空气的密度与气候，空气中的水汽含量呈负相关。下图示意北半球中纬某区域的地形和8小时气温状况割面，离空自西向东的气流速均20千米/时。据此完成下列各题。

此时甲乙丙三地的大气垂直状况相比较（）

A．甲地比乙地稳定

B．乙地对流最旺盛

C．乙地比丙地稳定

D．丙地最稳定
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单项选择题

The sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert hydrogen to helium. The sun has existed in its present state for about 4 billion, 600 million years and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.
By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the sun’s life will be like. About 5 billion years from now, the core of the sun will shrink and become hotter. The surface temperature will fail. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of the sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about the distance to mercury, which is the closest planet to the sun. The sun will then be a red giant star. Temperatures on the earth will become too hot for life to exist.
Once the sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After it shrinks to the size of the earth, it will become a white dwarf star. The sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf.
After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen onto the earth’s surface.

It can be inferred from the passage that the sun ______ .

A．is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf
B．has been in existence for 10 billion years
C．is rapidly changing in size and brightness
D．will continue as a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years
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