问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读宋词《水调歌头•明月几时有》,完成10-11题。(4分)

水调歌头·明月几时有

丙辰中秋,欢饮达旦,大醉,作此篇,兼怀子由。

明月几时有,把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年? 我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影,何似在人间!

转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。

小题1:“起舞弄清影”的“弄”字用的极妙,妙在何处?(2分)

小题2:请说说你对“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”的理解。(2分)

答案

小题1:弄,“做出”的意思,表明舞姿的不断变化,使人联想到舞姿的美好。(2分)                 

小题2:这句话意思是:远隔千里之人,同处在这美好的月光之下,虽不能团聚,也能有所安慰了。这两句诗表达了作者对亲人美好的祝愿,也表达了诗人乐观旷达情怀。(说出字面意思1分,理解1分,共2分)

小题1:题目分析:“起舞弄清影”,是与自己的清影为伴,一起舞蹈嬉戏的意思。李白《月下独酌》说:“我歌月徘徊,我舞影零乱。”苏轼的“起舞弄清影”就是从这里脱胎出来的。表明苏轼舞姿的不断变化,使人联想到舞姿的美好。

点评:鉴赏诗歌的艺术手法时,第一步准确指出用了何种手法。先看修辞。再看运用了哪一类抒情、哪几种手法,最后看章法特点。第二步结合诗句阐释如何运用用了这种手法。第三步指出此种手法的效果,如何有效的传达出诗人怎样的感情。古诗鉴赏通常涉及较多的是抒情(直接抒情和间接抒情)、描写(正面描写和侧面描写)等,此外还有记叙(多用于叙事诗)和议论(多用于点明诗歌主旨,例如:兴,百姓苦…)等,常用修辞手法有比喻、拟人、夸张等,常用表现手法:直抒胸臆、借景抒情(寓情于景、情景交融)、借物抒情(托物言志或象征)、借事抒情、寓理于景、借古讽今、烘托(衬托)、虚实相生、动静结合、对比、反衬(以动衬静、以乐景衬哀情)、白描细描(语言简洁,不加渲染烘托)、用典(化用前人诗文句子,引用神话故事,化用历史故事)等。

小题2:题目分析:”“婵娟”是美好的样子,这里指嫦娥,也就是代指明月。“共婵娟”就是共明月的意思,典故出自南朝谢庄的《月赋》:“隔千里兮共明月。”既然人间的离别是难免的,那么只要亲人长久健在,即使远隔千里也还可以通过普照世界的明月把两地联系起来,把彼此的心沟通在一起。“但愿人长久”,是要突破时间的局限;“千里共婵娟”,是要打通空间的阻隔。让对于明月的共同的爱把彼此分离的人结合在一起。古人有“神交”的说法,要好的朋友天各一方,不能见面,却能以精神相通。“千里共婵娟”也可以说是一种神交了!这两句并非一般的自慰和共勉,而是表现了作者处理时间、空间以及人生这样一些重大问题所持的态度,充分显示出词人精神境界的丰富博大。

点评:理解诗句的内涵,除了本句的意思之外,还要有整首诗歌的全局意识,同时还要联系作者的生平经历以及诗歌的写作背景。

单项选择题
填空题

It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. Reading a recent newspaper report on a survey conducted among college freshmen, I recalled the regret,
"If only I knew then what I know now."
The survey disclosed what I had already suspected from informal polls of students. According to the survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are" more materialistic and less altruistic".
41. ______. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the" altruistic" fields is at a low, along with ethnic and women’s studies. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.
42. ______.
Frankly, I’m proud of the young lady (not her attitude but her success). But why can’t we have it both ways Can’t we educate people for life as well as for a career I believe we can. If we’re not, then that is a fault of our educational system--elementary, secondary and higher. In a time of increasing specialization, a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive, more than ever we need to know what is truly important in life.
43. ______.
Most of us finally come to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by how much we earn. Sure, everyone wants to be financially comfortable, but we also want to feel that we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation; we want to be able to render service to our fellow man and to the world.
44. ______.
It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
45. ______.
In the long run that’s what education really ought to be about. And I think it can be. That’s the way it should be. Oscar Wilde had it right when he said that we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. Let’s hope our educators answer the students cries for career education, but at the same time, let’s ensure that the students are prepared for the day when they realize their folly. There’s a lot more to life than a job.
[A] Academic emphasis on competition, rationality and externals acknowledges only one kind of knowing. It makes students devalue their inner selves or larger social purposes.
[B] Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective" is to be financially well off." Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.
[C] Education must meet the needs of the human spirit. It must assist students to develop a satisfactory personal philosophy and sense of values; to cultivate tastes for literature, music and the arts; to grow in ability to analyze problems and arrive at thoughtful conclusions.
[D] That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructors during her first year on the job. And that was four years ago; She must be earning much more now.
[E] Most people, somewhere between the ages of 30 and 50, finally arrive at the inevitable conclusion that they could do more than serving a corporation, a government agency, or whatever.
[F] But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.
[G] While it’s true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge -- be it scientific or artistic.