问题 问答题 简答题

12m以上木屋架放大样的方法是什么?

答案

参考答案:

放大样是木工的一项传统技术,就是根据设计图样将屋架的全部构造用足尺画出来,以求出各杆件正确的尺寸形状,保证加工的准确性。

放大样之前一个重要的环节就是熟悉设计图样,如屋架的跨度、高度;各弦杆的截面尺寸;节间长度;各节点的构造及齿深等。同时根据屋架的跨度,计算屋架的起拱值。

1)放大样时,先画出一条水平线,在水平线一端定出端节点中心,从此点开始在水平线上量取屋架跨度之半,定出一点,通过此点作垂直线,此线即为中竖杆的中线。

2)在中竖杆中线上,量取屋架下弦的气拱高度(起拱高度一般取屋架跨度的1/200)及屋架高度,定出脊点中心。连接脊点中心和端点中心,即为上弦中线。

3)从端节点中心开始,在水平线上量出各节点长度,并作相应的垂直线,这些垂直线即为各竖杆的中线。

4)连接端节点中心和起拱点,即为下弦轴线(用原木时,下弦轴线即为下弦中线;用方木时,下弦轴线是端节点处下弦净截面的中线,不是下弦中线)。下弦轴线与各竖杆中线的相交点即为下弦中间节点中心。

5)连接对应的上下、弦中间节点中心,即为斜杆中线。

单项选择题
阅读理解

In Canada and the United States, there is a new group of children called “satellite kids”, who live in one place but whose parents live in another place.

Asians are immigrating to Canada and the United States in larger numbers than ever before. Most Asians immigrate because they believe that they can give their children a better education in the West. In Asia, especially in China, Japan, and Korea, it is difficult to go to university. Students must first pass the strict national examination. However, in Canada and the United States, it is easy to go to university and anyone who wants to go can go. As a result, Asian parents decide to leave their countries so that their children can go to university.

The problem is that when Asians arrive, they discover that finding a job and making money are more difficult in the West than in the East. Also, they find that they are very lonely, and that they miss their homes. Because of these two reasons, most Asian parents decide to go back to work while their children study in the West. Therefore, these children become “satellite kids”, and most of their parents do not know how sad it is to be a “satellite kid”.

Only until now are Canadians and Americans discovering the “satellite kid” problem. Because these children do not speak English and because their parents are not there to take care of them, they are often absent from school. To be a “satellite kid” means to grow up in a country where you know you are different and where you cannot make friends because you do not speak English well. Also, it means to grow up lonely, because your parents are elsewhere. What these “satellite kids” will probably say to their parents is that it’s better to have parents around than to have a university education.

小题1:Some Asian parents send their kids abroad because _______.

A.all foreign universities are better than the ones in their own countries

B.they hope their children may easily find a job there

C.the kids may not be accepted by universities in their own countries

D.the kids want to improve their English and make foreign friends小题2:“Satellite kids” refer to Asian kids ________.

A.with university education

B.speaking no English

C.without parents

D.living abroad alone小题3:What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Parents want better education for their kids.

B.Kids in foreign countries alone are badly in need of care from family.

C.Parents feel lonely and miss their families.

D.Canadians and Americans begin to notice the “satellite kids” problem.