问题 阅读理解

(2013·高考四川卷,E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see-and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

小题1:What is the finding of the study?

A.One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

B.Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

C.Fear has something to do with one’s health.

D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.小题2:The study was carried out by analyzing________.

A.volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C.volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart­brain communication小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A.Order.

B.System.

C.Machine.

D.Treatment.小题4:This study may contribute to________.

A.treating anxiety and stress better

B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

C.finding the key to the heart­brain communication

D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

答案

小题1:A

小题1:C

小题1:B

小题1:A

本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家通过研究揭示了恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系。

小题1:解析:选A。细节理解题。由全文和第四段最后一句Thus our hearts can...fear.可知我们的心跳影响我们对恐惧的感知,所以A符合题意。

小题2:解析:选C。由文章第四段和第五段可知,实验是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片的反应和他们的大脑扫描数据来进行的。A项“志愿者看到可怕图片时的心跳”太片面;B项中提到了身体健康状况,而文章中并没有提及,故排除;D项中的heartbrain communication是在实验后提到的,故也排除。

小题3:解析:选B。结合上文的实验可知,mechanism所在句句意为:我们已经发现了一个重要的(身体内的)机制,通过它心脏和大脑可以互相交流来改善我们的情绪并减少恐惧。故只有B项system“体系,系统”与mechanism意思相近。order“顺序,命令”;machine“机械,机器”;treatment“治疗”。

小题4:解析:选A。推理判断题。由最后一段中的...we may be able to develop more...disorder.可知这个研究对治疗焦虑和压力有好处。所以选A项。

单项选择题
阅读理解

HIGHFIELD COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
SCHOOL REPORT
Form Teacher: G. Baker            Pupil’s Name:  Simon Watkins
Term:        Summer 2012   Form:        Ⅳ B
Subject
Exam
Class work
Comments
English
59
61
Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.
Mathematics
77
85
Sound work and progress throughout the year. Well done!
History
46
53
A disappointing exam result. He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.
Chemistry
78
85
His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work, but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.
Physics
86
94
An excellent term’s performance. He goes from strength to strength. A born scientist, I feel.
Biology
57
60
This time next year he will be taking the “0” exam. He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class conversation.
French
41
46
Clearly he didn’t bother to revise. His general attitude is far too casual.
Physical
Education
/
31
Weak. It’s time he exercised his body more and his voice less. He should try to work with a team.
FORM TEACHER’S REMARKS                     HEADMASTER
Basically satisfactory work and progress              I shall be keeping an eye on though he will now have realized, I hope, that         his progress in his weaker    in certain subject areas he needs to make               subjects though his
speedy progress.                           success in the sciences is improvement.
小题1:According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon_______.
A.is too talkative in the class
B.likes to work with his classmates
C.doesn’t exercise his body at the right time
D.becomes weak because he doesn’t exercise at all
小题2:Which of Simon’s subjects will attract the headmaster’s attention in future?
A.Biology and Maths. B.History and French.
C.English and Chemistry.D.Physics and Physical Education.
小题3:Which of the following statements best describes Simon?
A.He has made great progress in language classes.
B.His potential has been fully reflected in science classes.
C.His grade in maths makes him a born scientist.
D.He needs to improve his attitude on certain subjects.
小题4: Based on the school report, which of the following statements is true?
A.Simon didn’t bother his teacher to revise French.
B.Basically, Simon did a good job in science.
C.Simon is a determined learner in English.
D.Simon is able to pay attention to history for long.