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问题 阅读理解

When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.

　　 For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can’t make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生观) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.

　   If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life --- he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．What’s real meaning of intelligence

B．What’s the “bright” children’s behavior

C．What’s a special outlook on life

D．How to live and behave in a new situation小题2:In the author’s opinion the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in ____________.

A．the amount of intelligence

B．the different situations they face

C．the different attitudes to life

D．the background of life小题3:What might the author continue to talk about in the passage that follows?

A．how to determine what intelligence is

B．How an unintelligent person should be taught

C．how to judge whether a person is intelligent

D．how education should be changed

答案

小题1:A

小题2:C

小题3:B

题目分析：本文主要讲述了什么才是真正的聪明这一话题。

小题1:主旨题：本文主要讲述了什么才是真正的聪明这一话题，而其他选项过于片面。故选A。

小题2:推理题：根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，聪明的孩子想真正了解生活，他努力接触身边的一切事物；而不聪明的孩子则脱离生活，让自己的生活限制在一个封闭和自我梦境的世界里。他们对待生活的态度是截然不同的，由此可推知C项正确。故选C。

小题3:推理题：文章已经探讨了聪明的含义以及什么样的人是聪明的，故排除A项和C项；文章的中心思想并未涉及教育问题，故排除B项；故选D项(如何教导不聪明的人)很可能是作者接下来要讨论的话题。故选B。

问答题


(1)求该星球表面的重力加速度；

(2)若测得该星球的半径为R=6×106m，宇航员要在该星球上发射一颗探测器绕其做匀速圆周运动，则探测器运行的最大速度为多大？

(3)取地球半径R0=6.4×106mm，地球表面的重力加速度g0=10m/s2，求该星球的平均密度与地球的平均密度之比ρ/ρ0。
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阅读理解

2010 was the year the Earth struck back.

Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards (暴风雪), landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.

“It just seemed like it was back-to-back(接二连三) and it came in waves,” said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.

“The term “100-year event’ really lost its meaning this year.”

And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.

Even though many disasters have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.

Poor construction and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings（危房） in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river floods, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.

Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes “are pretty much constant,” said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. “All the change that’s made is man-made.”

The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people – many of them living in poverty- and more poorly built shanties(棚户区) ,than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010; total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.

Climate scientists say Earth’s climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.

The excessive(过多的) amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave – setting a national record of 111 degrees – would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.

Data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever.

“The Earth strikes back in response to bad human decision-making,” said Debarati Guha Sapir.” “It’s almost as if the policies, the government policies and development policies, are helping the Earth strike back instead of protecting from it. We’ve created conditions where the slightest thing the Earth does is really going to have a surprising impact.” White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming. “The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society has sharply reduced the amount of heat-trapping gases and particles(颗粒).”

小题1:From paragraph 1 to paragraph 3, we learn   ___________________________.

A．what natural disasters mean to the people all over the world

B．how terrorism attacks struck in the past four decades

C．how the Earth struck back in 2010

D．why the world saw so many disasters in 2010小题2:The author gives the example of the big earthquake in Haiti to show that     ___________ .

A．poor construction largely accounts for more deaths than expected

B．man’s behaviours are to blame for the constant occurrence of natural disasters

C．the extreme weather mainly contributes to the disaster of the quake

D．the country’s poverty and over- crowdedness results in the disaster小题3: Which of the following would Debarati Guha Sapir most probably agree with?

A．Environment protection should be taken into account in policy-making.

B．Natural disasters are causing increase.

C．The earth wouldn’t strike back but for the destruction by man.

D．Conditions should be created to rid the influence of disasters.小题4: According to John Holdren, the best way to cut back on the number of natural disasters is    __________________ .

A．to forecast the happening of natural disasters accurately

B．to build stronger houses that can stand severe earthquakes and floods

C．to make better decisions and policies of city development

D．to send out much fewer greenhouse gases and particles小题5:What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

A．The major causes of natural disasters.

B．The human unawareness of environment protection.

C．The harmonious relationship between humans and nature.

D．The serious results of global warming and earthquakes.
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