问题 问答题 案例分析题

简述要素饮食的方法及注意事项。

答案

参考答案:

应用方法:可口服、鼻饲、经胃或空肠造瘘处滴入,可分次注入、间隙滴注、连续滴注。注意事项:

(1)配制要素饮食时,应严格执行无菌操作原则,所有配制用具均需消毒灭菌后使用。

(2)每一种要素饮食的具体营养成分、浓度、用量、滴入速度,应根据患者的具体病情,由临床医师、责任护士和营养师共同商议而定。一般原则是由低、少、慢开始,逐步增加,待患者耐受后,再稳定配餐标准、用量和速度。

(3)已配制好的溶液应放在4℃以下的冰箱内保存,防止被细菌污染;配制好的要素饮食应保证于24小时内用完,防止放置时间过长而变质。

(4)要素饮食的口服温度一般为37℃,鼻饲、经造瘘口注入的温度在41~42℃。

(5)要素饮食滴注前后应用温开水冲净管腔,以防食物积滞在管腔中发生腐败变质。

(6)滴注过程中应经常巡视观察患者,如出现恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻等症状,应及时查明原因并做相应处理。

(7)应用要素饮食期间,定期检查血糖、尿糖、血尿素氮、电解质、肝功能等指标,观察尿量、大便次数及性状,并记录。

(8)停用要素饮食须逐渐减量,防止骤停引起低血糖反应。

完形填空

A teacher once told each of her students to bring a clean plastic bag and a bag of potatoes to school. For every person they didn’t want to forgive(原谅) in their lives, they chose a potato, wrote the person’s   1  and the date on it and put it in the plastic bag. Some of their bags were very   2 . They were then told to carry this bag with them   3  for one week. They would put it beside their bed at night, on the seat when sitting in a car or on a bus , and next to their desks at   4  . The   5  carrying the bag around with them made students get to know what a weight they were carrying in their minds. They had to pay attention to(注意) it all the time so that they wouldn’t  6  it or leave it in embarrassing(尴尬的) places. As time passed by, the potatoes went   7  and smelt terrible. Too often we think of tolerance(宽容) as a    8  to other people, but it clearly is for   9 ! If we choose to keep our sadness and hatred(仇恨) in our hearts, we will have to   10  them around all our lives.
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A.ageB.nameC.hobbiesD.weight
小题2:
A.smallB.beautifulC.lightD.heavy
小题3:
A.everywhereB.nowhereC.somewhereD.where
小题4:
A.homeB.workC.nightD.school
小题5:
A.studentsB.daysC.potatoesD.teachers
小题6:
A.forgetB.buyC.rememberD.find
小题7:
A.bigB.wrongC.badD.good
小题8:
A.feelingB.wasteC.giftD.greeting
小题9:
A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.itself
小题10:
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