问题 问答题

结合实际,论述管理宽度与管理层次之间的关系。

答案

参考答案:

结合实际论述管理宽度与管理层次的关系。

①管理宽度是主管人员有效管理直接下属的人数。管理宽度在很大程度上决定管理结构的层次。

②在组织人员一定的情况下,管理宽度越宽,组织层次越少,组织结构呈扁平型;管理宽度越窄,则组织层次越多,组织结构呈窄直型。

③一般情况下,管理宽度窄,组织层次多,效率可能减弱,管理宽度宽而组织层次少则效率可能提高。

④不能片面为了减少层次强调管理宽度宽,因为管理宽度过宽会增加同层次部门之间的协调工作,从而可能降低效率。

⑤联系实际进行论述。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                           Shaping the Future of TV

     Nobody can predict the future of TV with any certainty but some major figures in the industry have

recently put forward their thoughts on what will shape TV of the future.

     The shaping of a personalized television future is starting to take place, says Intel. The chip giant,

who makes the processors found in most personal computers, states that by 2015 there will be just over

12 million devices using IPTV services that will be capable of connecting to over 500 billion hours of TV

& video.

     This supports the idea to make television a more social, personalized and readily accessible device

available anywhere through IPTV services. As more and more people consume TV & video through various

mediums, there is now a greater need to distribute and manage this content.

     As such, companies like TV Genius are accepting this announcement made at Intel's Developer Forum

(IDF) in the USA by their chief technology officer, Justin Rattner.

     With such a variety of content likely to become available, technology firms will need to assist in making

personalized TV recommendations more readily accessible.

     Mr. Rattner, speaking to the BBC said, "TV will remain at the centre of our lives and you will be able to

watch what you want and where you want. We are talking about more than one TV-capable device for every

man and woman on the planet. People are going to feel connected to the screen in ways they haven't in the

past."

     One way in which this will happen will also be assisted by a more united service of material combining

including video content, internet content, broadcast content, and personal content.

     This content will become much more accessible through remote devices like mobile phones using IPTV

technology. This means that users will be able to watch their favorite programs away from the traditional

media hub, the home.

1. The author uses the passage mainly to _____. [ ]

A. recommend a new type of TV

B. introduce a possible shape of future TV

C. describe the function of future TV

D. support the new type of TV

2. We know from the passage that the future TV might have major features like _____.

    a. being capable of connecting to many more hours

    b. changing the shape very easily c. receiving programs at any place

    d. displaying the advanced materials e. using services accessing the Internet, video, radio, etc [ ]

A. a, b, c

B. c, d, e 

C. a, c, e

D. b, c, e

3. The underlined word"this" in the third paragraph refers to _____. [ ]

A. Intel, the chip giant

B. TV and video

C. readily accessible device

D. widely used IPTV services

4. We can infer from the passage that _____. [ ]

A. the present TV will disappear in the near future

B. the future TV will have a beautiful look

C. people are developing the technology of TV very quickly

D. people will spend more time watching TV at home

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