问题 解答题

如图所示为肾单位模式图.请据图回答:

(1)尿液的形成过程是:先经过[______]______和[______]______对血液成分的______作用,形成原尿;再经过[______]______对原尿成分______作用,形成尿液.

(2)9内的液体是______;10内的液体是______;8内的液体是______.

(3)6所吸收的物质进入[______]______.

(4)2、9、10、8这四种结构内液体相比,二氧化碳含量最高的是______,尿素含量最高的是______.

答案

(1)、血液流经肾小球时,除了血细胞和大分子的蛋白质外,血浆中的一部分水、无机盐、葡萄糖和尿素等物质,都可以经过肾小球滤过到肾小囊内,形成原尿;

原尿流经肾小管时,其中对人体有用的物质,包括大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分无机盐,被肾小管重新吸收,回到血液里,其余成分形成尿液.

因此尿液的形成过程是:先经过4肾小球和5肾小囊内壁对血液成分的滤过作用,形成原尿;再经过肾小管对原尿成分重吸收作用,形成尿液.

(2)、由上题可知,9肾小囊腔内的液体是原尿;10是小静脉,其内的液体是静脉血;8是肾小管,其内的液体是尿液.

(3)、6肾小管所吸收的物质(大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分无机盐)进入7毛细血管,重新回到血液里.

(4)、2入球小动脉、9肾小囊腔、10小静脉、8肾小管,相比较而言,10小静脉是从整个肾单位出来的血管,血液流经肾单位,其中氧气被消耗,同时产生二氧化碳,因此10小静脉中二氧化碳最多.

8肾小管内是尿液,是经过肾小球的滤过作用和肾小管的重吸收作用产生的,废物最多,含尿素最多.

故答案为:(1)[4]肾小球;[5]肾小囊内壁;滤过;[6]肾小管;重吸收

(2)原尿;静脉血;尿液

(3)7毛细血管

(4)10;8

阅读理解

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判断题