问题 解答题

图是人的耳和脑的示意图,请据图分析回答:

(1)上课铃响了,同学们听到铃声后陆续走进教室,请用图中字母及箭头写出听觉形成过程的途径:______.

(2)在听觉形成过程中,听觉神经传导的神经冲动是在______产生的.

(3)一位战士的耳被炮声震聋,损伤部位最可能的是______,卫生员告诉军人遇到巨大声响时要______,以避免耳被震聋.

(4)体操运动员动作灵活优美、协调准确,这与其______发达有关.

(5)如果鼻、咽、喉感染,应及时治疗,否则病菌有可能通过______进入______引起发炎.

答案

如图所示各部分的结构为:A大脑皮层的听觉中枢;B听神经;C耳蜗;D咽鼓管;E听小鼓;F鼓膜;G耳廓;H半规管;I小脑.

(1)听觉的形成路线为:耳廓→外耳道→鼓膜→听小骨→耳蜗→听神经→大脑皮层的听觉中枢.

(2)外界的声波经过外耳道传到鼓膜.引起鼓膜震动;震动通过听小骨传到内耳,刺激了耳蜗内的听觉感受器,产生神经冲动;神经冲动通过与听觉有关的神经传递到大脑皮层的听觉中枢,就形成了听觉.

(3)在耳的结构中,被炮声震聋,损伤部位最可能的是鼓膜,鼓膜的作用是当声波传送来时产生振动,鼓室内主要有三块听小骨,听小骨主要是将鼓膜产生的振动传导到内耳.当遇到巨大声响时,张开嘴巴是为了打开咽鼓管,在遇到大声音时,口腔压力(外界压力)与耳朵内的压力不平衡,长期处于这种情况是会因为压力差而导致鼓膜被震破.

(4)在人体的神经系统中,小脑能够维持人体躯体的平衡,使运动协调准确.

(5)咽鼓管是中耳通到咽部的通道,当由于鼻咽喉感染,病菌有可能通过咽鼓管进入中耳引起中耳炎.

故答案为:(1)G→F→E→C→A;(2)耳蜗;(3)鼓膜;迅速张口;(4)小脑;(5)咽鼓管;中耳

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Hello, everyone. I am the most popular thing in 2009 and 2010. People often fall ill because of

me. However, it is largely their own fault (过错) . A tired person may get caught when he goes to

the crowded places with polluted air. An unexpected change of the weather can also make me catch

them. In hot summer, people turn on the air conditioner (空调) when they return home. They will

catch a cold easily.    

     My last victim is an energetic student. After school, he played football for about two hours. Though

tired, he still went to the cinema. Then he got back home and took a cold shower right away.     

     I found him easily then. He kept sneezing and his nose was running. Although he put on some warm

clothes, it didn't work. The next day, he couldn't go to school. He had lost his appetite(食欲) and he ate

much less than before. His mother made him drink a grass of orange every few hours for more Vitamin  C.    

     For two days he was nursed by his mother, and I began to feel weak. I knew I had to leave him

before long. Because of his defense system (防御系统) was starting an all-out attack(袭击) against me,

I became weaker and finally my time was over.  

     Do you know what " I " am?

1. According to the passage, "I" am ________.  

A. a mother      

B. a doctor      

C. a reporter    

D. the flu (流感)  

2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the student getting ill?

A. An unexpected change of the weather.

B. He was too tired.

C. He went to a crowded place.

D. An immediate(立即的) cold shower. 

3. The underlined word "victim"means a person who was ________in the second paragraph.  

A. happy      

B. friendly    

C. injured      

D. healthy 

4. "I" felt ________after the mother nursed the student.  

A. confident      

B. energetic    

C. bored      

D. weak

5. What can be inferred (推断) from the passage?

A. Many people can not look after themselves well.

B. It's easier to get a cold in the hot summer.

C. You can keep away from the cold only by having more Vitamin C.

D. The cold can be kept away when the defense system started to work.

单项选择题