问题 选择题

下列关于质量守恒定律的说法错误的是(  )

A.木炭在空气中燃烧成灰,质量减少,符合质量守恒定律

B.根据质量守恒定律,4g碳和16g氧气生成20g二氧化碳

C.根据质量守恒定律,镁条在空气中燃烧生成的氧化镁的质量一定大于镁条的质量

D.化学反应的实质是原子的重新组合,不存在原子的得失,因此化学反应前后质量守恒

答案

A、木炭在空气中燃烧成灰,质量减少,是因为生成了二氧化碳,气体逸出后致质量减小.故A对;

B、根据质量守恒定律,4g碳和16g氧气不会恰好完全反应,碳有剩余,生成的二氧化碳的质量小于20g,故B错;

C、根据质量守恒定律,镁条在空气中燃烧生成的氧化镁的质量应等于参加反应的镁和氧气的质量和,所以镁条在空气中燃烧生成的氧化镁的质量一定大于镁条的质量.故C对;

D、根据质量守恒定律,在化学反应前后原子的种类没有改变,数目没有增减,原子的质量也没有改变.故D对.

故选B.

阅读理解

There is only one winner and in this case it is Gina Rinehart who has won it all. In her own words, "beauty is an iron mine", Gina suggested her recipe for glory and fame. She has been announced as the richest woman of the world by BRW (formerly Business Review Weekly) in May 2012. Let's read more about her life and journey to the top.   

Georgina "Gina" Hope Rinehart was born on 9th February, 1954 in Perth, Western Australia, to Hope Margaret Nicholas and Lang Hancock, the mining king. Her father discovered one of the world's biggest reserves in the early 1950s. Gina gained lots of knowledge of the iron-ore industry while working with her father. She married an Englishman Greg Milton, at the age of 19 and together they had two children, John Langley and Bianca Hope. Soon the marriage broke off and she remarried in 1983. Frank Rinehart and Gina had two children: Ginia and Hope. Frank died in 1990. Since then, Gina has devoted herself to her work and empire.

She was the sole heir (唯一继承人) of her family's wealth. Then after her father died in 1992, she started her professional career as the Executive Chairman of Hancock Prospecting Pty Limited (HPPL) and other privately owned group of companies. At that time, the company centered its functioning to mining-related explorations and accumulation of vast mining leases (租约). From there, Rinehart worked her way towards transforming the leases into profit earning mines. She also worked together with other companies to raise capital. Her efforts made the business increase three times in 2011 as much as before.  

At home, Rinehart was working to expand the family business, but she did not satisfy herself with it. In 2010, she stepped into the media industry by acquiring 10% stake (股份) in Ten Network Holdings. Afterwards, she went on to hold stake in Fairfax Media, proving that mining is not her only interest. In June 2012, by increasing her stake in Fairfax to 18.67%, she became the largest stakeholder in the company. With this, she now stands at the head of $US 29.3 billion worth of an empire. Two new projects related to the mining sector in Central Queensland and Roy Hill are expected to begin in 2013.

Gina Rinehart has made her way from being Australia's Richest Woman to Australia's Richest Person and then to World's Richest Woman.

小题1:According to Gina Rinehart, what makes her successful and famous?

A.Her own beauty.

B.Her wealth.

C.Her family.

D.The iron-ore industry.小题2:What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

A.Gina Rinehart’s business career.

B.Gina Rinehart’s education.

C.Gina Rinehart’s life and family.

D.Gina Rinehart’s two marriages.小题3:How old was Gina Rinehart when she succeeded her father?

A.She was 58 yeas old.

B.She was 62 years old.

C.She was 38 years old.

D.She was 36 years old.小题4:After being the Executive Chairman, Gina Rinehart made several reforms EXCEPT ______.

A.stepping into the media industry

B.transforming the leases into profit earning mines

C.working together with other companies to raise capital

D.focusing on mining-related explorations and accumulation of vast mining leases小题5:Which of the following can best describe Gina Rinehart?

A.Poorly-educated.

B.Stubborn.

C.Hardworking.

D.Modest.

单项选择题