问题 问答题 简答题

试述急性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征的诊断标准。

答案

参考答案:

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的诊断标准(中华医学会呼吸病学分会1999年制定的诊断标准)如:

(1)有ALI/ARDS的高危因素:①直接肺损伤因素:严重肺感染、胃内容物吸入、肺挫伤、吸入有毒气体、淹溺、氧中毒等。②间接肺损伤因素:感染中毒症、严重的非胸部创伤、重症胰腺炎、大量输血、体外循环、弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)等。

(2)急性起病、呼吸频数和(或)呼吸窘迫。

(3)低氧血症,ALI时动脉血氧分压/吸入氧浓度≤300mmHg(1mmHg:0.133kPa);ARDS时≤200mmHg。

(4)胸部X线检查两肺浸润阴影。

(5)PAWP≤18mmHg或临床上能除外心源性肺水肿。符合以上5项条件者,可以诊断ALI或ARDS。

阅读理解

Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.

He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food,Fresh air,Horse riding,Walking,Fishing,Cheap and interesting.”

“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”

He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.

But four days later, he returned home.

“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”

“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”

“Oh. What?”

“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”

“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”

“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”

“Lucky you!”

“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”

“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”

“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!”

小题1:How did Henry find out about the farm?

A.He saw it in a newspaper advertisement.

B.His best friend told him.

C.He wrote to the farmer.

D.Maybe he learned it from the radio.小题2:Henry came back home several days later because ______________.

A.he didn't like the country life at all

B.the farmer wasn’t friendly to him

C.his holiday was over

D.he thought he might have to eat the farmer小题3:“…and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means __________.

A.夸奖

B.说三道四

C.抱怨

D.故弄玄虚小题4:Which of the following sentences is true?

A.Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.

B.Henry thought he could enjoy a change.

C.Henry couldn't think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.

D.The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.小题5:Which is the best title for the passage?

A.What a beautiful farm!

B.Have a good time.

C.A short holiday

D.Henry and the farmer.

解答题