问题 综合

(22分)阅读材料,回答问题。

辽河地处我国东北半干旱半湿润地区,其干流水量主要来自东侧支流,泥沙则主要来自西侧支流,有“东水西沙”之说。流域内人口密集,工农业生产集中,水资源量远小于其北部的松花江流域,为此国家规划实施“引松济辽”调水工程。下图为辽河流域局部区域图。

(1) 分别说明辽河流域:“东水”和“西沙”形成的自然原因。(8分) 

(2) 目前辽河某些河段在枯水期出现地下水不再补给河水的现象,分析其原因。(6分) 

(3) “丁坝”是辽河河道整治中常采用的一种工程。图右上角为丁坝景观图。试推断丁坝的作用。(2分) 

(4) 指出建设“引松济辽”调水工程、打造东北黄金水道,对辽河干流地区经济发展的积极意义。(6分)

答案

(1)“东水”:干流东侧年降水量较大。 

“西沙”:干流西侧支流上游地势起伏较大;流经沙地,植被覆盖率较低;降水集中,多暴雨。 

(2)生产生活用水量大,过度开采地下水;泥沙淤积,河床抬高;地下水位低于河流水位。 

(3)保护河岸;提高枯水季节河流水位,利于通航;提高河水流速,减少泥沙在河床中部的沉积。(答对一点即可) 

(4)增加水资源量,促进工农业发展;发展内河航运,加强区域间的联系;改善环境,促进旅游业发展(或优化投资环境)。 

题目分析:

(1)辽河支流西辽河流经广阔的高原沙地,植被覆盖率低,河水含沙量较大,且夏季降水集中、多暴雨,流水侵蚀、搬运作用强,因此素有“西沙”之称;辽河东侧年降水量多于西侧,流域内地势较低,植被覆盖率高,加上森林涵养水源的能力较强,使得东侧支流含沙量小,径流量大,故有“东水”之称。 

(2),地下水不再补给辽河应从地下水位和河床高度相对变化思考。不断增多的人口因生存和发展的需要过量开采地下水,导致地下水位下降;自然和人为原因相结合,导致水土流失加剧,泥沙淤积增多,河床抬高。一低一高使得辽河某些河段,地下水位在河流枯水期仍低于河床高度,地下水无法补给河水。 

(3)“丁坝”是由堤岸向河流中部伸出的垂直河流的直墙,能够减轻对堤岸冲蚀,减少河床中部泥沙的沉积,提高枯水季节水位,有利于河运。 

(4)回答本题可从水资源决定的河流开发方向思考,但要以解决水资源短缺对区域发展有重大影响的方面为思考核心。

阅读理解

Today people can use the phone to talk with others almost anywhere on the earth. But when you use the phone, you don’t see the person you are talking with. This may change in the near future.

Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone. With it, two people who are talking can see each other.

Picture phones can be useful when you have something to show to the person you’re calling. They may have other uses in the future. One day you may be able to ring up a library and ask to read a book. Then you’ll be able to read the book right over your picture phone. Or you may be able to go shopping through your picture phone. If you want to buy something in the newspaper, you’ll use your phone and call the shop. People at the shop will show you the thing you’re interested in right over the phone. You’ll be able to shop all over town and never even leave your room!

小题1:Today people can use the phone to talk with others ______.

A.in all the towns

B.in some places in the world

C.only in big cities

D.almost anywhere on the earth小题2:The underlined word “it” in the passage means ______.

A.the picture phone

B.any phone

C.the use

D.the change小题3:We can ______ through the picture phone according to the text.

A.write a book

B.do shopping

C.play games

D.have classes小题4:Picture phones can be used for ______.

A.ringing up a library to see a book

B.going shopping without leaving our homes

C.showing the person we’re talking with something

D.All of the above.小题5:The title of the article can be “______”.

A.The telephones

B.Picture phones

C.Shopping on the phone

D.Talking on the phone

填空题