问题 问答题

简述问题解决的主要影响因素。

答案

参考答案:(1)问题的特征。个体解决有关问题时,常常受到问题的类型、呈现的方式等因素的影响。
(2)已有的知识经验。已有经验的质与量都影响着问题解决,与解决问题有关的经验越多,解决该问题的可能性也就越大。
(3)定势与功能固着。定势是心理操作活动的积累而形成的问题解决的准备状态,是人们在过去经验影响下,产生解决问题的倾向性。定势起到促进和阻碍两方面作用。
功能固着是指当一个人熟悉了某种物体的常用或典型的功能时,就很难看出该物体所具有的其他潜在的功能。当在某种情形下需要利用某一物体的潜在功能来解决问题时,功能固着可能起到阻碍的作用。

判断题
单项选择题

Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for (1) in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the p claws of the big cats. They could not (2) with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws (3) an impressive " small fire" weaponry. They could not even defend themselves (4) running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been (5) to failure and extinction. But they were (6) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.

In the search (7) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had (8) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not (9) . The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far (10) the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was (11) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the (12) the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight-so (13) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not (14) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men (15) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk (16) . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became (17) still. (18) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became (19) to the new, unstable position that (20) them the name Homo erectus, upright man.

6()

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed