问题 实验题

为了探究电动机为什么会转动,小明根据电动机主要构造制作了一台简易电动机(如图18)。他用回形针做成两个支架,分别与电池的两极相连,用漆包线绕一个矩形线圈,以线圈引线为轴,并用小刀刮去轴的一端全部漆皮,另一端只刮去半周漆皮将线圈放在支架上,磁体放在线圈下方,闭合开关,用手轻推一下线圈,线圈就会不停地转动起来。

(1)要想改变线圈的转动方向,小明可采用哪些措施:        

A.改变电流的方向     B.提高电源的电压  

C.增加线圈的匝数     D.改变磁场的方向

(2)开关闭合后,如果电动机不转,原因可能是哪些:       

A.磁铁磁性太弱         B.线圈处于平衡位置  

C.通过线圈的电流太大   D.电池电压太低

(3)为了提高电动机转速,可采取的方法是                   

(4)小明还想设计一个能调节电动机转速的实验装置,他还需要的主要器材是          

答案

(1)AD (2)ABD(3) 提高电源的电压或增强磁体的磁性(4)滑动变阻器  

题目分析:(1)电动机的工作原理是通电线圈在磁场中受力转动,转动方向与磁场方向和电流方向有关,所以要想改变运动方向,应改变线圈在磁场中的受力方向,即改变电流方向或磁场方向;答案选AD。

(2)开关闭合后,如果电动机不转说明线圈可能受磁场力较小,小于摩擦力,造成的原因可能是磁铁的磁性不强、线圈的匝数太少,电池电压不够导致电流较小等原因.也可能是不受磁场力,即电路中没有电流,即部分电路断开或线圈处于平衡位置;所以答案选ABD。

(3)为了提高电动机转速,可以从增大线圈受力着手,可采取的方法是提高电源的电压或增强磁体的磁性;

(4)小明还想设计一个能调节电动机转速的实验装置,调节转速可以调节电流大小或调节磁体的磁场强度,但从操作上讲,改变电流容易些,所以需要的主要器材是滑动变阻器。

阅读理解

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you about my stay at your hotel. My wife and I arrived on Saturday, May 15th and stayed for a week. Though we were treated well and found the service excellent, we think there are one or two things we should bring your attention.

1. We hoped for a nice holiday from our busy work lives, and your ad said “comfortable and quiet”. We want to have a chance to enjoy ourselves. However, we were always waken up by the noise every morning. Is it really necessary for the workers to start their repair work so early?

2. We hoped to swim in your “wonderful pool”. To our disappointment(失望), we found that it was closed for the whole time of our stay.

I hope you do not mind my writing to you about these things, but I would be happy if you could give me some explanation(说明). As I said at the start, it is a pity, and your service is so good in other places.

I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours sincerely

Tom Green

小题1:Who is Mr. Tom Green probably writing this letter to?

A.His friend.

B.The owner of a hotel.

C.A reader.

D.His father.小题2:When did they get to the hotel?

A.On May 15th.

B.A week ago.

C.Last year.

D.On a cold morning.小题3:What’s the main idea of the second paragraph (段落)?

A.The hotel was very comfortable and quiet.

B.The workers in the hotel were very hard-working.

C.He thought the hotel didn’t provide them with a quiet place.

D.The service in the hotel was very excellent.小题4:What did Mr Green think about the swimming pool?

A.He felt disappointed because the swimming pool was closed for the whole time of their stay.

B.He felt disappointed because the swimming poop was too small.

C.He felt excited about it because he had a good time there.

D.He found it really wonderful, just like the words in the ad.小题5:What kind of letter is it?

A.An invitation letter.

B.A thank-you letter.

C.A sorry letter.

D.A complaint letter.

选择题