问题 问答题

在中学所学的化学反应中,有很多反应没有明显现象.某探究小组想通过实验来证明某些无现象的反应确实发生了,他们做了以下探究过程.

Ⅰ,对NaOH溶液与盐酸反应的探究

甲同学按如图所示的装置验证NaOH与盐酸发生反应,结果甲同学没有看到预期的实验现象,原因是______,如果要想证明盐酸与NaOH发生反应,则实验应改为______,且看到______现象.

Ⅱ,对CO2与NaOH溶液反应的探究

【查阅资料】通常状况下,1体积水能溶解1体积二氧化碳.

【设计实验】甲同学设计了三个实验进行验证,请你帮他完成下列实验报告.

实验操作实验现象实验结论及解释
氢氧化钠溶液可以与CO2反应.

反应的化学方程式为:______

______氢氧化钠溶液可以与CO2反应.

洗气瓶中的溶液均为氢氧化钠溶液或澄清石灰水(均为200mL)

A,B均无明显变化氢氧化钠溶液可以与CO2反应.

B中盛放的溶液是______.

【反思交流】

(1)实验①由于甲同学选用的仪器不当,导致未能观察到明显现象,乙同学将甲同学的广口瓶替换成______,看到了______现象,证明CO2可以与NaOH溶液反应.丙同学认为乙同学的改进实验仍然存在缺陷,应增加一个对比实验,证明CO2确实可以与NaOH溶液发生反应,该对比实验所用的试剂是______.

(2)请判断③中V______200mL(填“>”、“<”或“=”),理由是______.

【实验结论】通过实验探究,证明了氢氧化钠溶液可以与二氧化碳反应.

答案

Ⅰ直接解加入过量的氢氧化钠时根本就看不到酚酞试液由无色逐渐变为红色的过程,而是直接成为红色,所以要在氢氧化钠溶液中滴加酚酞,再逐滴滴加稀盐酸,如果发现溶液的红色逐渐变浅,最后变为无色,说明氢氧化钠与盐酸发生了反应;

Ⅱ①反应物是二氧化碳和氢氧化钠,生成物是碳酸钠和水,用观察法配平即可,所以方程式是:CO2+2NaOH═Na2CO3+H2O;

②氢氧化钠与二氧化碳反应使瓶内气压减小,在外界大气压的作用下,导致空气进入气球,使气球膨胀;

③前面是氢氧化钠,后面是氢氧化钙,如果通入二氧化碳后都没有现象,说明二氧化碳与前面的氢氧化钠发生了反应,所以后面瓶内是澄清石灰水;

【反思交流】(1)广口瓶瓶壁不能变形,所以二氧化碳与氢氧化钠反应后,压强减小,也不会有明显现象,如果换成塑料瓶,就会看到瓶子变瘪了,该现象也不能说明二氧化碳和氢氧化钠发生反应,因为二氧化碳能溶于水,所以要做一个对照实验,试剂是二氧化碳和水,用相同的塑料瓶,看瓶子变瘪的程度即可;

(2)因为1体积水能溶解1体积二氧化碳,如果没有氢氧化钠,当V≤200mL时,二氧化碳完全溶于水中也会产生同样现象,所以要大于200mL.

故答案为:Ⅰ氢氧化钠溶液过量;向滴有酚酞试液的氢氧化钠溶液中逐滴滴加稀盐酸;溶液由红色变为无色;Ⅱ①CO2+2NaOH═Na2CO3+H2O;②气球膨胀;③澄清石灰水;【反思交流】(1)软塑料瓶;软塑料瓶变瘪;水和二氧化碳;(2)>;如果没有氢氧化钠,当V≤200mL时,二氧化碳完全溶于水中也会产生同样现象.

阅读理解

My name is Ralph and I am 42 years old. I work in a factory that I enjoy very much. On May 27, 1999, I was working on an automatic machine. While working my hand was pulled into the machine and my middle finger on my right hand was ripped off. I had surgery to replace what was left of the finger and now I have a finger that is almost as long as my index finger.

Over the years I have been very blessed for a full and healthy life. Most of all, blessed for having my wife. We have grown together and grown in our faith. Life is going to go on with or without my finger. I was not going to let this take over my life and I pushed to go back to work and got light duty.

This was where my lesson began. When I returned to work, I started getting comments and some teasing from people asking me if it was worth losing my finger over a pack of cigarettes. Someone started a rumor that I had dropped a pack of cigarettes and reached down to pick them up and that is how I lost my finger. This is not true. This rumor hurt more than losing my finger in that machine. Everyone was called in to a meeting to resolve this matter and get the story straight. I had to share my lesson.

We can ruin a person’s life by just a few bad words. There is an old saying that I will never forget: “Words and water are easily poured, but impossible to recover.” So please remember to watch what you say.

小题1:According to the author, his index finger on his right hand is almost as long as ________.

A.his middle finger on his right hand

B.his middle finger on his left hand

C.his thumb on his right hand

D.his thumb on his left hand小题2:From the second paragraph, we know that the author ________.

A.was not happy with a short finger

B.had a good relationship with his wife

C.didn’t want to work any more in the factory

D.wanted to find an important job小题3:The rumour about the author is that he lost his finger ________.

A.when he was picking up a pack of cigarettes that had fallen into the machine

B.because he was not careful and smoked when running the machine

C.because he was too sleepy to operate the machine properly

D.when he was reaching down to fix something wrong in the machine小题4:Which of the following can match the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

A.Nothing is really beautiful but truth.

B.Bad words are meaningless.

C.Lies having short legs can do harm.

D.Words cut deeper than swords.

单项选择题